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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixed partial dentures: all-ceramics, fibre-reinforced composites and experimental systems (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strength of three-unit FPDs (fixed partial dentures) and three-unit inlay FPDs after a simulated 5-year oral wearing period. The restorations were made of a pressable all-ceramic (Empress 2) and two specially designed, experimentally fixed partial dentures combining ceramics with dental composite. Three-unit FPDs and inlay FPDs were manufactured and were adhesively luted onto human molars. After thermal cycling and mechanical loading in an artificial environment, the fracture strength was determined. Zircon-based milled ceramic (Lava) three-unit FPDs were used as a control. The zircon ceramic and the fibre-based ceramic three-unit FPDs showed median fracture values between 1000 and 1400 N. For composite veneered zircon FPDs a fracture strength of about 800 N and for all-ceramic Empress 2 of about 350 N could be determined. The results for the inlay FPDs were between 1300 N and 1400 N for FRC/ceramic, 1000 N for zircon/composite and 500 N for all-ceramic restorations. The all-ceramic showed higher fracture resistance applied as inlay FPDs. The described hybrid techniques combining ceramics and composites could represent an interesting procedure for further investigations and, eventually, clinical implication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01075.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro study of fracture strength and marginal adaptation of polyethylene-fibre-reinforced-composite versus glass-fibre-reinforced-composite fixed partial dentures (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This in vitro study was carried out in order to estimate the clinical usability of adhesively luted three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures (FPD) made of a polyethylene-fibre-reinforced-composite system (PFRC) in comparison with a glass-fibre-reinforced-composite system (GFRC). Therefore the fracture strength and marginal adaptation were examined. A total of 16 FPDs of each material combination were manufactured and adhesively luted to human molars. Before and after an artificial ageing process by thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) the quality of the marginal adaptation was examined by evaluating epoxy replicas in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). After TCML the fracture strength of eight FPDs of each series was tested by mechanical loading them to failure. With the remaining eight FPDs the quality of deeper layers of the luting was examined with a dye penetration technique. The calculated median fracture strength values (25/75% percentiles) were 830 N (643/982) for the PFRC and 884 N (684/1113) for the GFRC. The SEM analysis showed at least 80% of perfect marginal areas for both material combinations in dentine as well as in enamel before and after TCML. Looking at the cement–tooth interfaces the dye penetration technique showed statistically significant better results for the enamel finishing lines than for those in dentine. With finishing lines in dentine the two material combinations showed statistically significant differences for this interface. Fracture force results as well as marginal quality encourage further clinical investigations on both systems although the GFRC performed slightly better than the PFRC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00870.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finishing and polishing of the ceromer material Targis. Lab-side and chair-side methods (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to check four lab-side and four chair-side methods for finishing and polishing the ceromer material Targis®. Eighty bar-shaped specimens (20 mm × 10 mm × 2 mm) of Vectris were produced; 72 were covered with a 2 mm (thickness) layer of the Ceromer Targis® and eight samples with the composite Tetric®. All specimens were ground plane parallel with 320 Silicium carbide grit sandpaper in order to start with the same level of roughness. Then the specimens were finished and polished using the following methods: (1) Artglass® toolkit, (2) pumice-stone and brushes/linen brush and polishing paste P3, (3) Robinson® brush/Ivoclar Universal® paste and wool brush, (4) Silicone wheel and rag wheel, (5) Shofu Rainbow® set, (6) Sof-Lex® discs, (7) Vivadent Politip® set and (8) Nupro-pastes® and brushes. The surface roughness was determined with a profilometer. The arithmetical roughness value Ra was calculated. From each group one specimen was randomly chosen and sputtered with gold in order to observe the surface with a scanning electron microscope to evaluate its smoothness. The methods were ranked as followed: 2, 3 and 5 with the lowest roughness, then 8, 6, 7, 4, 1. The best ranked chair-side method (5) and the best ranked lab-side methods (2, 3) did not differ significantly between the Ra values. No difference was observed between the composite Tetric® and the ceromer Targis® when these materials were polished using the same method.Conclusion: the lab-side-methods 2 and 3 and the chair-side-method 5 can be recommended for finishing and polishing the new ceromer material Targis®.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00361.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro study of the effect of thermo- and load-cycling on the bond strength of porcelain repair systems (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fracture of porcelain fused to metal veneering may cause premature failure of fixed partial prosthodontics. Through the use of intra-oral composite bonded porcelain repair systems, the replacement of the prosthetic reconstruction can be avoided. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of porcelain repair systems currently in use and the effect of thermocycling and mechanical loading (TCML) on the adhesion of composite to ceramic surfaces in comparison with the composite to metal bonding system Rocatec®. Specimens were fabricated by fusing the veneering ceramic VMK-68® (Vita) to Co-Cr-Mo-alloy base plates. Twenty cylindrically shaped composite samples in each series were bonded to the porcelain surface using porcelain repair systems currently in use. The shear bond strength of 10 samples was evaluated after 24 h (baseline) and after loading in an artificial oral environment. The repair systems Z 100 Kit®, Monobond S/Tetric® and Porcelain Etch® were not impaired by TCML and exhibited a shear bond strength of greater than 12 MPa, which was comparable to the control group Rocatec®. The shear strength of the repair systems Silistor® and All-Bond® 2 decreased significantly after TCML. Using the appropriate repair system, the repair of ceramic-veneered fixed partial prosthodontics can be recommended as a medium term alternative to a new reconstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00346.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composite veneering of metal based fixed partial dentures (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the thermal mechanical properties of veneering composites after polymerization with the appropriate polymerization device. Fracture tests were performed to investigate the effect on fixed partial dentures (FPDs).Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was used to determine the temperature-dependent mechanical properties. To approximate the clinical situation, the fracture resistance of three-unit metal-based FPDs with different composite veneering was investigated after a simulated 5-year oral wearing period. The restorations were made of a high gold alloy and veneered with three different composites. To determine the influence of fabrication, one composite was used in a light-polymerizing and a heat/pressure-curing version and, in addition, a newly developed heat protection paste was used. After a 5-year simulation period, the fracture resistance was determined.The storage modulus varied between 14268 N mm−2 (Belleglass) and 6616 N mm−2 (Sinfony). Adoro showed no significant differences between light curing (9155 N mm−2) and heat curing (8184 N mm−2) variations. The Adoro-veneering with the heat protection paste showed the highest median fracture strength (1700 N), followed by Adoro LC (1555 N), Belleglass (1051 N), Adoro HP (1150 N) and Sinfony (909 N). The most common failure type occurring in all FPDs was a cracking of the composite, exposing the metal framework. All FPDs showed stress cracking of the composite. The heat protection paste seemed to reduce the crack formation after fabrication and increased the fracture resistance of the composite veneering. Stress cracking after thermal cycling and mechanical loading affected all composites, but all veneered three-unit alloy FPDs showed a fracture resistance sufficient for posterior application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01477.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass–fibre-reinforced-composite fixed partial dentures on dental implants (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to investigate the fracture strength and marginal fit of implant suprastructures made of fibre-reinforced composite which were fixed onto the implants using cementation or screws. A sample (n=8) of 4-unit bridges, made of the fibre-reinforced composite Vectris/Targis, were adhesively cemented onto titanium conical implant abutments. The second sample consisted of eight screwable Vectris/Targis bridges which were based on prototypes of titanium crown bases. After a 5 year simulation of thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML), all specimen were loaded to fracture. Marginal fit was investigated using a semiquantitative SEM analysis. The cemented 4-unit bridges showed a fracture strength of 1553 N (Q1=1498 N, Q3=1825 N) and the screw-fixed bridges had a median of 1457 N (Q1=1223 N, Q3= 1781 N). The analysis of the marginal adaptation showed similar results of cemented and screwed bridges. The bond between the Targis facing-material and the composite cement was significantly deteriorated after TCML. Conclusion: Suprastructures made of glass–fibre-reinforced composite could become an alternative to reconstructions with a metal-framework. Both, fixation onto the implants with screws or cementation, are possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00768.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of in vitro fracture strength of metallic and tooth-coloured posts and cores (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In root-treated anterior teeth a better aesthetic can be achieved by using translucent and tooth-coloured post and core restorations instead of traditional metal post systems. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strength of tooth-coloured ceramic and fibre-reinforced posts as well as titanium posts with clinically proven gold alloy posts as a control. Two all-ceramic, one gold alloy and three combined post restoration systems (titanium and ceramic, respectively, fibre-reinforced posts with composite core) were each applied to upper incisors and after thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) the fracture strength was determined. The variant providing the most reliable fracture strength values and the experimental fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts were – in combination with adhesively luted crowns – used to determine the fracture strength of the restoration after thermal cycling and mechanical loading. The median fracture strength of the luted posts and cores fluctuated between 114 and 546 N. Posts with composite cores demonstrate a higher fracture strength in comparison to the all-ceramic and gold alloy systems. Typical failure of metal systems was marked by loosening of the bonding and pulling out of the post in contrast to fracture of the ceramic posts. After the application of the crowns the ceramic system with composite core provided a fracture strength of 338 N and the FRC system a fracture strength of 228 N. Regarding fracture strength, the ceramic posts with composite cores are an alternative to commonly used gold posts and cores. A standardized technical manufacture of FRC posts and cores would provide better fracture strength results of this new dental material. Post and core restorations with tooth-coloured, translucent material offer an improved aesthetic especially in anterior restorations. Because of the high fracture strength prefabricated ceramic posts in combination with composite cores should prove their clinical applicability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00548.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of metallic and tooth-coloured post systems (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of all-ceramic incisor crowns with all-ceramic posts, glass–fibre-reinforced posts and titanium posts as well as a control without any post. Three groups of eight maxillary incisors were restored with an all-ceramic post, a fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) post, a titanium post and a further group was restored without posts. Composite cores were provided and all-ceramic crowns were adhesively luted. After artificial ageing, the fracture resistance of the restored teeth was determined. The marginal adaptation of the restorations at the interfaces between cement-tooth and cement-crown was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy using replica specimen before and after ageing. The restored teeth without posts [270N (235/335)] showed no significantly different fracture strength compared with teeth with the titanium system [340N (310/445)]. The all-ceramic posts [580N (425/820)] and the FRC posts [505N (500/610)] both provided a significant higher fracture resistance than the teeth without posts. Prior to ageing, all materials showed 〈5% separation at the margins cement-tooth or cement-crown (‘marginal gap’). After ageing, the interfaces of all systems deteriorated to values between 6 and 14% marginal gap. The greatest marginal gap was found with the titanium system (14%) at the interface cement-crown and with the all-ceramic posts (12%) at the transition between cement-tooth. Regarding fracture resistance and the marginal adaptation, the all-ceramic and FRC posts may be considered as an alternative to the commonly used titanium post restorations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01286.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the (pressure, density, temperature) relation of methane in the homogeneous gas and liquid regions in the temperature range from 100 K to 260 K and at pressures up to 8 MPa
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 24 (1992), S. 685-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80076-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the (pressure, density, temperature) relations of dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) and of chlorodifluoromethane (R22) in parts of the homogeneous gas and liquid regions and on the coexistence curve
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 24 (1992), S. 697-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80077-1
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