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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention of organic volatiles in freeze-dried carbohydrate solutions. Microscopic observations (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20 (1972), S. 691-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60181a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelins regulate astrocyte gap junctions in rat hippocampal slices (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gap junctional communication (GJC) is a typical feature of astrocytes proposed to contribute to the role played by these glial cells in brain physiology and pathology. In acutely isolated hippocampal slices from rat (P11–P19), intercellular diffusion of biocytin through gap junction channels was shown to occur between hundreds of cells immuno-positive for astrocytic markers studied in the CA1/CA2 region. Single-cell RT-PCR demonstrated astrocytic mRNA expression of several connexin (Cx) subtypes, the molecular constituent of gap junction channels, whereas immunoblotting confirmed that Cx43 and Cx30 are the main gap junction proteins in hippocampal astrocytes. In the brain, astrocytes represent a major target for endothelins (Ets), a vasoactive family of peptides. Our results demonstrate that Ets decrease the expression of phosphorylated Cx43 forms and are potent inhibitors of GJC. The Et-induced effects were investigated using specific Et receptor agonists and antagonists, including Bosentan (Tracleer™), an EtA/B receptor antagonist, and using hippocampal slices and cultures from EtB-receptor-deficient rats. Interestingly, the pharmacological profile of Ets effects did not follow the classical profile established in cardiovascular systems. The present study therefore identifies Ets as potent endogenous inhibitory regulators of astrocyte networks. As such, the action of these peptides on astrocyte GJC might be involved in the contribution of astrocytes to neuroprotective processes and have a therapeutic potential in neuropathological situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03197.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compensatory dendritic growth of CA1 pyramidal cells following growth impairment in the neonatal period (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the neonatal rat, inhibition of hippocampal neural activity in vivo by tetanus toxin results in a severe growth impairment of the basal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. Here we tested whether this early growth impairment results in a permanent reduction of the basal dendritic tree or whether recovery processes are recruited later in development when synaptic activity has fully recovered. Quantitative analysis of dendritic parameters and spine density from reconstructed CA1 pyramidal cells showed that young adult CA1 pyramidal (postnatal day 31–34) cells that were exposed to activity deprivation in the neonatal period were almost indistinguishable from control cells of the same age. These results suggest that the early hippocampal activity controls the growth rate but is not necessary for the generation of an adult normal basal dendritic tree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02839.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo blockade of neural activity alters dendritic development of neonatal CA1 pyramidal cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During development, neural activity has been proposed to promote neuronal growth. During the first postnatal week, the hippocampus is characterized by an oscillating neural network activity and a rapid neuronal growth. In the present study we tested in vivo, by injecting tetanus toxin into the hippocampus of P1 rats, whether this neural activity indeed promotes growth of pyramidal cells. We have previously shown that tetanus toxin injection leads to a strong reduction in the frequency of spontaneous GABA and glutamatergic synaptic currents, and to a complete blockade of the early neural network activity during the first postnatal week. Morphology of neurobiotin-filled CA1 pyramidal cells was analyzed at the end of the first postnatal week (P6–10). In activity-reduced neurons, the total length of basal dendritic tree was three times less than control. The number, but not the length, of basal dendritic branches was affected. The growth impairment was restricted to the basal dendrites. The apical dendrite, the axons, or the soma grew normally during activity deprivation. Thus, the in vivo neural activity in the neonate hippocampus seems to promote neuronal growth by initiating novel branches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02264.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term Potentiation and Field EPSPs in the Lateral and Medial Perforant Paths in the Dentate Gyrus In Vitro: a Comparison (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The entorhinal cortex projects monosynaptically to the granule cells in the dentate gyrus via the lateral and medial perforant paths. These two subdivisions of the perforant path differ with respect to synaptic properties, and recent studies suggest that they also differ with respect to long-term potentiation (LTP). In the present study, using the in vitro slice preparation of the guinea-pig hippocampus, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and LTP in the lateral and medial perforant paths were compared. The two pathways were distinguished on the basis of their different termination in the dendritic layer, their different pharmacology and short-term synaptic facilitation. The field EPSP [obtained in the presence of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A and B receptor antagonists] consisted of a non-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) component with different time characteristics in the two pathways, the decay being monoexponential in the lateral perforant path and biexponential in the medial one. In addition, the field EPSP in both pathways contained a small NMDA-mediated component that could also be observed after complete blockade of the non-NMDA one. LTP induction in both lateral and medial perforant paths was facilitated by blockade of GABAA inhibition, showed associative properties, and was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists. Following the induction event, LTP in both pathways developed to a peak value within 30–40 s, and the stability of LTP was correlated with the amount of postsynaptic, but not presynaptic, activity during the induction event. During blockade of GABAA inhibition the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the β-adrenergic antagonist timolol had no effect on the magnitude or stability of LTP. It is concluded that LTP in the lateral and medial perforant paths does not differ with respect to induction mechanisms and early temporal characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00144.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset Characteristics of Long-Term Potentiation in the Guinea-Pig Hippocampal CA1 Region in Vitro (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 1 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The temporal development of long-term potentiation (LTP) was examined in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice preparation (bath temperature 30°C). LTP was evoked by a single brief afferent tetanus (3–40 impulses at 50 Hz) given in the presence of picrotoxin (to facilitate LTP induction). Short-lasting potentiation processes unrelated to LTP were excluded by comparing the potentiation obtained in picrotoxin solution with that obtained in normal solution or in the presence of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate. LTP was also evoked by pairing single test volleys with brief (2–3 impulses) heterosynaptic tetani in picrotoxin solution. Both methods showed no significant rise of LTP until about 3 s after the induction event. LTP thereafter developed almost linearly towards a peak within 20–25 s after the tetanus, the time course being practially independent of the induction method and of the relative amount of LTP evoked. The latency and rise time of LTP depended on bath temperature, being about twice as long at 25°C as at 30°C. Following the peak, LTP rapidly decayed to less than half its peak value in 8 min, the decay tending to be less with longer trains. The LTP component reaching its peak 20–25 s after a tetanus was practically occluded after a saturating homosynaptic tetanization, and was only partially recovered 1 h afterwards. The latency to the onset of LTP suggests an indirect coupling between the calcium influx, presumed to trigger the potentiation, and the expression of LTP. The independence of the early time course with respect to the induction strength indicates that the intervening system(s) operates in a linear manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1989.tb00803.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early establishment of multiple release site connectivity between interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the developing hippocampus (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The strength of the synaptic transmission between two neurons critically depends on the number of release sites connecting the neurons. Here we examine the development of connectivity between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons and CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs) were recorded in whole-cell voltage-clamped CA1 pyramidal neurons. By comparing spontaneous and miniature (action potential-independent) GABAergic PSCs, we found that multiple release site connectivity is established already at the first postnatal day and that the degree of connectivity remains unaltered into adulthood. During the same time there is a dramatic increase in the number of GABAergic synapses on each pyramidal neuron as indicated by the increase in frequency of miniature GABAergic PSCs. These results indicate that during development a given interneuron contacts an increasing number of target pyramidal neurons but with the same multiple release site connectivity. It has been shown previously that the connectivity between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons is initially restricted to one release site, and develops gradually. The present result thus suggests different mechanisms to govern the maturation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02635.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are long-term potentiation (LTP) and short-term potentiation (STP) different entities?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physiology-Paris 88 (1994), S. 401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0928-4257
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0928-4257(94)90067-1
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spiegelschrift, Linkshändigkeit und Alexie (1931)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 93 (1931), S. 34-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01814417
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die akute Kommotionspsychose und die Bedeutung der Hirnerschütterung für anderweitige psychische Störungen (1926)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 76 (1926), S. 172-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01814693
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