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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contaminated Land: Implications for Water Pollution (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The water environment is often neglected in the assessment of the impact of contaminated land and its redevelopment. The lack of effective legislative controls over derelict contaminated land areas and the poor appreciation of water pollution by developers and planning authorities in the undertaking and controlling of site redevelopment has severely hindered effective clean-up and protection of groundwater and surface waters.The formation of the National Rivers Authority, the publication of the House of Commons Environment Committee's report and the implementation of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 have given the subject a new impetus. The preparation of registers by local authorities, which identify contaminated land areas, could be enhanced by the National River Authority's assessment of key sites. It is hoped to initiate clean-up by cooperation, but the testing of legislative powers has been encouraged by the Government, if only to reveal their inadequacies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00660.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling Diffuse Pollution of Groundwater from Agriculture and Industry (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The greatest threat of contamination to groundwater resources is posed by pollutants from diffuse sources, yet legislation in the UK has until recently been focused on point sources. The problem of widespread pollution from industrial sources is described and compared with that from agriculture. The legislative controls available under the Water Resources Act 1991 are outlined, and the approach adopted by the National Rivers Authority in its Groundwater Protection Policy is discussed with respect to the concept of groundwater vulnerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1992.tb00792.x
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  • 3
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    J. David Wood (Ed.), "Perspectives on Landscape and Settlement in Nineteenth Century Ontario" (Book Review) (1976)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of historical geography. 2:4 (1976:Oct.) 363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Topics: Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: The Americas
    Notes: Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h349-1976-002-04-000022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitoxantrone: A phase II study in the treatment of patients with advanced breast carcinoma and other solid tumours (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 8 (1982), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A phase II study of mitoxantrone, an anthraquinone derivative with structural similarities to adriamycin, has been carried out in 34 patients with advanced breast carcinoma and other malignancies. The first 20 patients were treated with a starting dose of 12 mg/m2 by IV infusion repeated every 3 weeks; this was escalated to 14 mg/m2 in the subsequent 14 patients. Of the 29 patients with advanced breast carcinoma, 8 achieved a partial response and two further patients achieved a mixed response. There were no complete responses. Of the eight responding patients, five had received no prior chemotherapy. Response duration ranged from 31/2 months to 10+months. No responses were seen in the other five patients, three whom had small cell carcinoma of lung, one squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and one colonic carcinoma. Neutropenia was the most frequently seen toxicity but was usually mild and transient; WBC fell to less than 2,000/mm3 in eight patients and to less than 1,000/mm3 in only two. Otherwise, the drug was well tolerated; nausea occurred in 35% of patients and vomiting in 21%; severe alopecia requiring a wig was never seen. Mitoxantrone appears to be a well-tolerated and clinically active agent against advanced breast carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255480
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time course of phosphorylcreatine resynthesis during recovery of the quadriceps muscle in man (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Man ; Muscle ; Exercise ; Recovery ; Phosphorylcreatine ; Phosphagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The time course of phosphorylcreatine (PC) resynthesis in the human m. quadriceps femoris was studied during recovery from exhaustive dynamic exercise and from isometric contraction sustained to fatigue. The immediate postexercise muscle PC content after either form of exercise was 15–16% of the resting muscle content. The time course of PC resynthesis during recovery was biphasic exhibiting a fast and a slow recovery component. The half-time for the fast component was 21–22 s but this accounted for a smaller fraction of the total PC restored during recovery from the isometric contraction than after the dynamic exercise. The half-time for the slow component was in each case more than 170 s. After 2 and 4 min recovery the total amounts of PC resynthesized after the isometric exercise were significantly lower than from the dynamic exercise. Occlusion of the circulation to the quadriceps completely abolished the resynthesis of PC. Restoration of resynthesis occurred only after release of occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585149
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycolytic intermediates in human muscle after isometric contraction (1981)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 389 (1981), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Lactate ; Glycogenolysis ; Muscle contraction ; Glycogen ; Human muscle ; Recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Isometric contraction of the quadriceps muscle sustained to fatigue with a force of 66% of the maximum voluntary contraction force resulted in a mean glycogen utilization of 80.4 (S.D. 58.4) mmol glucosyl units/kg dry muscle (d.m.) and an accumulation of glycolytic intermediates and glucose corresponding to 82.9 (S.D. 17.5) mmol glucosyl units/kg d.m. Accumulation of hexose phosphates (principally glucose 6-phosphate) accounted for 35.4% (S.D. 4.1) of the total increase and lactate for 59.3% (S.D. 2.8). During a 4 min recovery period glucose 6-[hosphate content showed a linear decrease with a half time of 2.0 min and lactate decreased exponentially with a half time of 2.5 min. The rate of lactate disappearance from the muscle was approximately 4 times as fast as that observed previously after maximal bicycle exercise. This was probably due to a lower lactate concentration in blood after isometric contraction resulting in a larger muscle-blood gradient for lactate. Muscle content of free glucose was increased after contraction and increased further during recovery. It is concluded that the glucose increase is confined to the intracellular pool and is an effect of hexokinase inhibition by accumulated glucose 6-phosphate. Occlusion, of the local circulation after the contraction inhibited the recovery processes for lactate and glucose 6-phosphate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lactate content and pH in muscle samples obtained after dynamic exercise (1976)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1976), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Hydrogen ion ; Lactate ; Pyruvate ; Exertion ; Muscle ; Blood ; Man ; Recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Analyzes were made on muscle samples taken from the lateral part of the m. quadriceps femoris of man (lactate, pyruvate, and pH) on venous blood (lactate, pyruvate) and on capillary blood (pH). Samples were taken at rest, immediately after termination of dynamic exercise and during 20 min recovery from exhaustive dynamic exercise. Muscle pH decreased from 7.08 at rest to 6.60 at exhaustion. Decrease in muscle pH was linearly related to muscle content of lactate + pyruvate. The relationship was slightly different from what has been obtained after isometric exercise and this difference was ascribed to acid-base exchange with the blood during dynamic exercise. Lactate content was highly elevated in muscle after exercise and the concentration was 2–3 times higher than in blood. Pyruvate content was, however, only slightly higher than that at rest. During recovery lactate content of muscle decreased exponentially with respect to time, whereas pyruvate content increased. The half-time of lactate decrease was 9.5 min. From the lactate dehydrogenase equilibrium relative values on NADH/NAD ratio could be calculated. It was found that NADH/NAD was highly increased after exercise and that it had not returned to the basal value after 20 min recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585150
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of metabolic alkalosis upon exercise metabolism in the thoroughbred horse (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Metabolic alkalosis ; Exercise ; Muscle fatigue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six thoroughbred horses exercised on a motorised treadmill on two separate occasions at a speed of 11 or 12 m· s−1 for up to 2 min. 4 h prior to exercise each horse was given a 21 test solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03; 0.6 g·kg−1 body mass) or a control solution of water by nasogastric intubation, the order of administration of the two solutions was randomised. Blood samples (n=15) were obtained before and during the 4 h after intubation, during exercise and for 30 min after exercise. (NaHC03; ingestion resulted in changes in pre-exercise acid-base status. The changes in blood lactate and base excess with exercise were greater after (NaHC03; administration; after 1 min of exercise in the case of lactate (P〈0.05) and immediately after exercise in the case of base excess (P〈0.05). Plasma ammonia levels were lower during (P〈0.05) and immediately after (P〈0.05) exercise following (NaHC03; ingestion. The peak change in plasma ammonia with exercise was also lower after (NaHC03; ingestion (P〈0.05). Following exercise after (NaHC03; ingestion, five horses demonstrated lower muscle adenosine 5-triphosphate loss (P〈0.05) and inosine 5-monophosphate formation (P=0.05) and higher glycerol 3-phosphate formation (P〈0.05). There is evidence to suggest that metabolic alkalosis may delay the onset of fatigue by decreasing the extent of adenine nucleotide loss during high-intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235182
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 64 (1992), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Carnosine ; Anserine ; Skeletal muscle buffering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The content of anserine and carnosine in the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle of 50 healthy, human subjects has been studied. Anserine was undetectable in all muscle samples examined. Muscle carnosine values for the group conformed to a normal distribution with a mean (SD) value of 20.0 (4.7) mmol · kg−1 of dry muscle mass. The concentration of carnosine was significantly higher in the muscle of male subjects (21.3, 4.2 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) than in females of a similar age and training status (17.5, 4.8 mmol · kg−1 dry mass) (P〈 0.005). The test-retest reliability of measures was determined on a subgroup of 17 subjects. No significant difference in mean carnosine concentration was found between the two trials [21.5 (4.0) and 22.0 (5.2) mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass; P〉0.05]. The importance of carnosine as a physicochemical buffer within human muscle was examined by calculating its buffering ability over the physiological pH range. From the range of carnosine concentrations observed (7.2–30.7 mmol · kg−1 dry muscle mass), it was estimated that the dipeptide could buffer between 2.4 and 10.1 mmol H+ · kg−1 dry mass over the physiological pH range 7.1–6.5, contributing, on average, approximately 7% to the total muscle buffering. This suggests that in humans, in contrast to many other species, carnosine is of only limited importance in preventing the reduction in pH observed during high intensity exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376439
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids activate Na+/H+ exchange and are mitogenic in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 144 (1990), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The present study examined responses of cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells to exogenous exposure of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET's), products of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase. One day after administration of 8, 9- or 14, 15-EET, cultured rat mesangial cells demonstrated significant increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation (10-7 M 14, 15-EET: 120 ± 7% of control; n = 6; P 〈 0.025; 10-6 M 14, 15-EET: 145 ± 10%; n = 20; P 〈 0.0005; 10-6 M 8,9-EET: 167 ± 31%; n = 9; P 〈 0.05), which was not affected by addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indon ethacin. In addition to stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation, the epoxides stimulated mesangial cell proliferation. 14, 15-EET administration induced intracellular alkalinization of 0.2-0.3 pH units, which was prevented by extracellular Na+ removal and blunted by amiloride (0.5 mM). Following intracellular acidification with NH4Cl addition and removal, 〉 85% of 3 mM 22Na uptake into mesangial cells was inhibited by I mM amiloride, indicating Na+ /H+ exchange. Under these conditions, 14, 15-EET stimulated Na+ /H+ exchange by 42% and 8, 9-EET stimulated Na+ /H+ exchange by 59%. Neither protein kinase C depletion nor addition of the protein kinase C inhibitor, staurosporine, affected this stimulation. In [3H]myo-inositol loaded mesangial cells, no significant stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis was detected in response to administration of 14, 15-EET.Twenty-four hours after addition of [14C] 14, 15-EET, 〉 90% was preferentially esterified to cellular lipids, with predominant incorporation into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diacylglycerol.Thus, these results demonstrate epoxyeicosatrienoic acids stimulate Na+ /H+ exchange and mitogenesis in mesangial cells. These effects do not appear to be mediated via phospholipase C activation. In addition, 14, 15-EET was selectively incorporated into cellular lipids known to mediate signal transduction. These observations extend the potential biologic roles of c-P450 arachidonate metabolites to include stimulation of cell proliferation and suggest a role for these compounds in vascular and renal injury.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041440310
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