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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Potassium Pore and Its Regulation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 707 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38043.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CuZnSOD and MnSOD immunoreactivity in brain stem motor neurons from amyotropic lateral sclerosis patients (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1997), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words ALS ; CuZnSOD ; MnSOD ; Immunoantibodies ; Brain stem motor neurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Motor neurons from the brain stems of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and control patients were examined with immunoantibodies to CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). We found that there was a marked staining for CuZnSOD in all the motor nuclei, the hypoglossus, ambiguus, facialis and trigeminus from the ALS patients, but not in the controls. The same neurons from the ALS patients also stained very intensely for MnSOD, whereas the neurons from the control patients stained weakly or not at all. Loss of neurons was also a very consistent finding and was noted in all the motor nuclei from the ALS patients. There was a proliferation of glial cells which stained strongly both for CuZnSOD and for MnSOD accompanying the loss of the neurons. These results indicated that there was an apparent increase of superoxide dismutase immunoreactivity in motor neurons of ALS patients. We conclude that CuZnSOD and MnSOD immunoreactivity is increased in motor neurons and glia in the brain stems of patients with ALS, specific for the terminal phase of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050766
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA of nerve cell bodies and axons after β,β-iminodipropionitrile (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: RNA ; Nerve Cell ; Axon ; Iminodipropionitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der RNS-Gehalt einzelner Nervenzellkörper aus dem Vorderhorn des Rückenmarks der Ratte zeigt keine Zunahme während der 12 wöchigen IDPN (β,β-Iminodipropionitril)-Fütterung, doch wurde während der letzten 4 Wochen eine geringe Verminderung beobachtet. Die RNS-Konzentration in den Axon-Ballons beträgt 0,23%, verglichen mit 5,3% in den Nervenzellkörpern. Der Adenin/Uracil (A/U)-Quotient der RNS in den Axonballonen beträgt 0,61 gegenüber 0,90 in den Perikaryen der normalen Nervenzellen. Der A/U-Quotient von RNS in den Zellkörpern von Ratten, die mit IDPN gefüttert wurden, ist auf 0,68 reduziert (6–8 Wochen), während er für Ratten, die 1–12 Wochen lang mit IDPN gefüttert wurden, 0,77 beträgt.
    Notes: Summary The RNA content of single nerve cell bodies from the anterior horn of rat spinal cord shows no increase during the 12 weeks of feeding of IDPN (β,β-iminodipropionitrile), but a slight decrease is noted during the last four weeks. The RNA concentration in the axonal balloons is only 0.23% as compared to 5.3% in the nerve cell body. The A/U ratio of RNA in the axonal balloons is 0.61 as compared to 0.90 in cell bodies of normal nerve cells. The A/U ratio of RNA in cell bodies of rats fed IDPN is also reduced to 0.68 (6–8 weeks) while the A/U for rats fed IDPN for 1–12 weeks is 0.77.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686724
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Succinoxidase activity in reticular neurons of hyperactive rats (1970)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 16 (1970), S. 154-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hyperactivity ; Succinoxidase Activity ; Reticular Neurons ; β-β-Iminodipropionitrile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Succinooxidaseaktivität einzelner Neurone aus der Formatio reticularis wurde mit der Cartesianischen Tauchertechnik gemessen. Die Durchschnittsaktivität der Nervenzellkörper des Nucleus gigantocellularis sowie des Nucleus pontis caudalis der Kontrollratten war 4,5 μl O2×10−4 pro Stunde bei 37°C. Nachdem die Ratten β-β-Iminodipropionitril bekommen hatten, stieg die Durchschnittsaktivität derselben Neurone bis auf 8.0 μl O2·10−4 an. Es wird angenommen, daß dieser Anstieg für die sich später entwickelnden Hyperaktivitätssymptome ätiologische Bedeutung besitzt. Auch wenn β-β-Iminodipropionitril zu reticulären Neuronen normaler Ratten in vitro gegeben wurde, stieg die Succinooxidaseaktivität bis auf 8,4 μl O2·10−4 pro Stunde an.
    Notes: Summary The succinoxidase activity of single neurons from the reticular formation was measured with the Cartesian diver technique. The average activity of nerve cell bodies from the nucleus gigantocellularis or pontis caudalis from control rats was 4.5 μl O2×10−4 per hour at 37°C. After rats had received β-β-iminodipropionitrile, the succinoxidase activity of the same type neuron increased to an average of 8.0 μl O2×10−4. It was suggested that this increase was of etiological significance for the symptoms of hyperactivity which developed later. Also when β-β-iminodipropionitrile had been added to the reticular neurons from normal rats in vitro, the succinoxidase activity increased to 8.4 μl O2×10−4 per hour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the nervous system after mercury intoxication (1972)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 122-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mercury Intoxication ; Nerve Cells ; Dorsal Root Ganglion ; Cerebellum ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When given to rats, both organic and inorganic mercury compounds were found to be neurotoxic. After CH3HgCl intoxication, focal cytoplasmic degradation was the most characteristic lesion observed in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglion. A large cytoplasmic vacuole was formed in many neurons as a result of such lesions. After HgCl2 poisoning, the dorsal root ganglion neurons developed peripheral vacuoles, which were formed by the retraction of the neuron from its surrounding satellite cells. Extensive fragmentation of these neurons occurred as such vacuolation progressed. Multiple small lesions varying from 0.1–1.2 μ were found in the neuronal cytoplasm after both organic and inorganic mercury intoxication. Mercury could be demonstrated histochemically to have a close association with these lesions. In the anterior horn motoneurons, neither mercury compound produced any permanent pathological lesions in the nerve cell bodies, although there was severe dilatation of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope at early stages of the intoxication. In the cerebellum, both organic and inorganic mercury compounds produced extensive coagulative or lucid changes in the granule cells. Degeneration of the Purkinje cells was also found at late stages of the poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691129
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation determined by a single site in K+ pores (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 422 (1993), S. 354-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: K+ channel inactivation ; N-type inactivation ; C-type inactivation ; Pore or P-type inactivation ; External TEA enhancement of current ; External K+ enhancement of current ; Conductance ; Pore mutations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An N-terminus peptide or a C-terminus mechanism involving a single residue in transmembrane segment 6 produces inactivation in voltage-dependent K+ channels. Here we show that a single position in the pore of K+ channels can produce inactivation having characteristics distinct from either N- or C-type inactivation. In a chimeric K+ channel (CHM), the point reversion CHM V 369I produced fast inactivation and CHM V 369S had the additional effect of halving K+ conductance consistent with a position in the pore. The result was not restricted to CHM; mutating position 369 in the naturally occurring channel Kv2.1 also produced fast inactivation. Like N- and C-types of inactivation, pore or P-type inactivation was characterized by short bursts terminated by rapid entry into the inactivated state. Unlike C-type inactivation, in which external tetraethylammonium (TEA) produced a simple blockade that slowed inactivation and reduced currents, in P-type inactivation external TEA increased currents. Unlike N-type inactivation, internal TEA produced a simple reduction in current and K+ occupancy of the pore had no effect. External TEA was not the only cation to increase current; external K+ enhanced channel availability and recovery from inactivation. Additional features of P-type inactivation were residue-specific effects on the extent of inactivation and removal of inactivation by a point reversion at position 374, which also regulates conductance. The demonstration of P-type inactivation indicates that pore residues in K+ channels may be part of the inactivation gating machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of K+/Rb+ selectivity and internal TEA blockade by mutations at a single site in K+ pores (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 423 (1993), S. 104-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: K+ channels ; Ion permeation ; Chimeric K+ pore ; Single-site mutation ; Selectivity ; TEA blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A conservative reversion at position 374 in a chimeric K+ pore, CHM, switched the preferred ionic conductance from K+ to Rb+. To understand how selectivity was switched, codons for 18 different amino acids were substituted at position 374 in each of two different K+ channels CHM and Kv2.1, the host channel for CHM. After injection of cRNA into Xenopus oocytes, less than half of the substituted mutants expressed functional channels. In both CHM and Kv2.1, channels with the substituted hydrophobic residues Val or Ile expressed Rb+-preferring pores while channels with the substituted polar residues Thr or Ser expressed K+-preferring pores. Val or Ile stabilized while Thr or Ser destabilized blockade by internal tetraethylammonium (TEA) confirming the importance of hydrophobic interactions for blockade. TEA blockade was dependent upon the charge carrier and was more effective in the presence of the ion having the larger conductance. The results are consistent with a model in which the side chains at position 374 form a filter for K+ and Rb+ ions and a site for blockade by internal TEA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374967
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroaxonal dystrophy with neuromelanin deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuroaxonal spheroids ; Catecholamines ; Alzheimer's disease ; Pontocerebellar degeneration ; Motor neuron disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuroaxonal spheroids became evident microscopically after the autopsy of a 45-year-old woman with pigmentation of the globus pallidus suggesting Hallervorden-Spatz disease. In our opinion the fine floccular pigment seen electron-microscopically in many of the axonal spheroids is melanin, an end product of catecholamine metabolism. Neurofibrillary degeneration, senile plaques, and granulovacuolar degeneration in the hippocampus produced a picture of Alzheimer's disease. Pontocerebellar degeneration and motor neuron disease were also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691981
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