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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous d-Serine in Rat Brain: N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor-Related Distribution and Aging (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recently, a substantial amount of free d-serine has been demonstrated in rat brain, although it has long been presumed that d-amino acids are uncommon in mammals. The anatomical distribution and age-related changes in endogenous d-serine have been examined here to obtain insight into its physiological functions. Free d-serine exclusively occurs in brains, with a persistent high content from birth to at least 86 postnatal weeks. The patterns of the regional variations and the postnatal changes in brain d-serine are closely correlated with those of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type excitatory amino acid receptor. Because d-serine potentiates NMDA receptor-mediated transmission by selective stimulation of the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor, it is proposed that d-serine is a novel candidate as an intrinsic ligand for the glycine site in mammalian brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03219.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Comparison of d-Serine and Glycine in Rodents: The Effect on Cloned NMDA Receptors and the Extracellular Concentration (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We compared the activity of free d-Ser on the potentiation of cloned NMDA receptors with that of Gly by using a Xenopus oocyte expression system. The extracellular concentration of free d-Ser and Gly was further studied by means of microdialysis. The ED50 values of d-Ser were three to four times lower than those of Gly in any combination of ε1, ε2, ε3, or ε4 and ζ1. Site-directed mutagenesis of ζ1 subunits revealed that some aromatic residues necessary for the action of Gly affected the ED50 value of d-Ser. This result showed that the residues play crucial roles in the action of d-Ser. In vivo microdialysis of rodent brain revealed that the extracellular concentration of free d-Ser in the frontal cortex (6.5 µM) was high enough to saturate the Gly site on the NMDA receptor, but that in the cerebellum was not. These findings suggest that d-Ser is a candidate of the endogenous potentiator of the NMDA receptor in the rodent frontal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65010454.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic Development and Postnatal Changes in Free d-Aspartate and d-Serine in the Human Prefrontal Cortex (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 61 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have analyzed free chiral amino acids (aspartate and serine) in the human frontal cortex at different ontogenic stages (from 14 weeks of gestation to 101 years of age) by HPLC with fluorometric detection after derivatization with N-tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-l-cysteine and o-phthaldialdehyde. Exceptionally high levels of free d-aspartate and d-serine were demonstrated in the fetal cortex at gestational week 14. The ratios of d-aspartate and of d-serine to the total corresponding amino acids were also high, at 0.63 and 0.27, respectively. The concentration of d-aspartate dramatically decreased to a trace level by gestational week 41 and then remained very low during all postnatal stages. In contrast, the frontal tip contained persistently high levels of d-serine throughout embryonic and postnatal life, whereas the d-amino acid content in adolescents and aged individuals was about half of that in the fetuses. Because d-aspartate and d-serine are known to have selective actions at the NMDA-type excitatory amino acid receptor, the present data suggest that these d-amino acids might play a pivotal role in cerebral development and functions that are related to the NMDA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03575.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled Precracking of Fracture Mechanics Specimens Using Contact Stresses (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple method is proposed for introducing precracks into thin-plate fracture mechanics specimens, i.e., compact-tension and double-cantilever-beam specimens, using standard testing equipment and without performing complicated machining operations on the specimens. The surface of the specimen is first scored to a known length, using a scribe, and the specimen is then compressed between polymer blocks. Mismatch between the elastic properties of the polymer and the specimen results in an in-plane tensile stress in the vicinity of the scratch that causes a crack to initiate from the scratch and propagate through the specimen thickness. Provided that certain conditions are met, the crack arrests without significant growth beyond the initial scratch length. The result is a straight, through-thickness precrack of controllable length. Fracture toughness measurements made on glass specimens precracked using the proposed method are in good agreement with literature values for this material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00443.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation characteristics shown by enzymes and bacteria treated with far-infrared radiative heating (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The inactivation of the enzymes lipase and α-amylase were studied during treatment by far-infrared (FIR) radiative heating and compared with activity changes due to heating by thermal conduction. The decrease in enzyme activity was found to be largely similar for the two processes, as long as the temperature profiles of the enzyme solutions were identical during heating. The inactivation of α-amylase was compared with bacterial death (Escherichia coli) using both FIR and conductive heating. The inactivation energy required to inactivate enzymes was an order of magnitude lower than that for inactivation of E. coli and the death rate constants of bacteria (kdeath) became larger than the inactivation rate constant of the enzyme (ken) at about 50 °C or higher. At the given temperatures, the kdeath values for FIR was larger than kdeath values for conductive heating, suggesting that FIR heating may allow a given pasteurization target level to be achieved at lower temperatures than by conductive heating, while maintaining enzyme activity levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00717.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical Distribution and Postnatal Changes in Endogenous Free D-Aspartate and D-Serine in Rat Brain and Periphery (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the anatomical distribution and postnatal development of D-aspartate and D-serine in the rat brain and periphery using HPLC techniques. D-Serine was confined predominantly to the brain throughout postnatal life. At birth, a substantial quantity of D-serine was observed throughout the brain areas. The cerebral D-serine content increased from birth to postnatal week (PW) 3 and remained constant thereafter, whereas the cerebellar D-serine content peaked at PW1. In contrast, the transient emergence of D-aspartate was found in almost all brain and peripheral organs. A substantial quantity of D-aspartate was also seen in all brain areas at birth, whereas the D-aspartate content in the cerebrum and cerebellum decreased dramatically by PW1 and 7 respectively. Further, the D-aspartate content and the ratio of D-aspartate to total aspartate were highest in the adrenal at PW3 (608 ± 70 nmol/g, 45.9%) and in the testis at PW14 (221 ± 7 nmol/g, 57.8%) respectively. Because D-serine potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated transmission through the strychnine-insensitive glycine site and because D-serine exhibits an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related distribution and development, D-serine may be a tenable candidate for an intrinsic ligand for the glycine site. In contrast, because the periods of maximal emergence of D-aspartate in the brain and periphery occur during critical periods of morphological and functional maturation of organs, D-aspartate could participate in the regulation of these developmental processes of organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00687.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the hydrolysis of sweet potato starch with β-amylase and infrared radiation allows prediction of reducing sugar production (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The apparent reaction rate constants (k) of the reaction that generates reducing sugar (presented as mg maltose equivalents) from raw sweet potato starch by using β-amylase were determined by varying enzyme concentration, starch concentration and pH. The Arrhenius plot of the k-value reached a peak at approximately 86 °C; the activation energy and frequency factor were also determined. Moreover, the amount of reducing sugar produced in sweet potato heated by infrared irradiation was estimated by using the values of k and the kinetic parameters. The calculated amounts of reducing sugar produced generally agreed with the experimental values. These results indicate that the amount of reducing sugar produced in heat-treated sweet potato can be predicted by the methodology described in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00865.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 841-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Cloning of the entire set of an organism's protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs), or 'ORFeome', is a means of connecting the genome to downstream 'omics' applications. Here we report a proteome-scale study of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe based on cloning of the ORFeome. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1222
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short Communication: Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 for mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of metallic oxide powders having antibacterial activities (1998)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1998), S. 773-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: antibacterial activity ; antimutagenicity ; calcium oxide ; magnesium oxide ; mutagenicity ; zinc oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Metallic oxide powders (magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and zinc oxide) having antibacterial activity were examined for their mutagenicity and antimutagenicity by the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA 102. These powders were not mutagenic to the tester strain and reduced the mutagenicity of methylglyoxal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008829325907
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