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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 4845-4850 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: Doppler echocardiography ; left ventricular long axis motion ; Left ventricular stroke volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stroke volume can be calculated by using noninvasive Doppler techniques. The products of pulsed Doppler stroke distance of left ventricular outflow and left ventricular outflow area can often be used to calculate stroke volume. However, left ventricular outflow also moves longitudinally toward the apex of the ventricle during systole, so that zero velocity flow cannot be detected by the usual pulsed Doppler studies. We evaluated the contribution of these zero velocity flow to the noninvasive estimation of left ventricular stroke volume in 20 patients with left ventricular disease and in 20 age matched healthy controls. Left ventricular stroke distance was calculated by summing the Doppler stroke distance and the outflow long axis motion. The percentage of zero velocity flow for total stroke volume was calculated in each group. Cardiac output was also measured by thermo-dilution technique. The percentage of zero velocity flow for total noninvasive stroke volume in patients with left ventricular disease was 2.5±1.1 ml (4.0±1.5%), significantly lower than in normal subjects, 3.6±1.0 ml (5.5±1.5%) (p〈0.05). These long axis motions are significantly reduced, especially in left ventricular disease. Amplitudes of the left ventricular outflow long axis motion were correlated with Doppler stroke distance in all (r=0.54, p〈0.01). In patients with myocardial infarction, stroke volume by thermo-dilution methods and calculated stroke volume showed good correlation both only by Doppler stroke distance (y=1.044x+0.547, r=0.968) and by Doppler and long axis motion (y=0.989x+0.521, r=0.974). Compared with stroke volume measured by thermodilution method, stroke volume calculated only by Doppler stroke distance was underestimated. We thus demonstrated the influence of zero velocity flow on left ventricular outflow both in patients with left ventricular disease and in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: M-mode echocardiography ; right ventricular diastolic function ; tricuspid ring motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Right ventricular function can be evaluated echocardiographically by assessing the longitudinal motion of the tricuspid ring recorded in the apical four chamber view. In this study, we applied this technique to assess the right ventricular diastolic function in 10 healthy Japanese men (mean age : 28±6 years; age range : 20–43 years). Echocardiographic studies were performed with a phased-array imaging system using a 2.5 MHz probe. Tricuspid ring motion was measured by two-dimensional echo guided M-mode echocardiogram of the right lateral tricuspid ring. The excursion of the tricuspid ring during early diastole (dS; mm) and the peak rate of change of the excursion (dS/dt; mm/sec) were measured. We also assessed the right ventricular function by cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cine gradient echo images were obtained along the short axis of the right ventricle. The right ventricular volume at each phase of the cardiac cycle was calculated by Simpson's method and time–volume curves were constructed. The peak filling rate (dV/dt; ml/s) was determined from these time–volume curves. The dS was 12.8±2.5 mm, dS/dt was 132±27 mm/sec and dV/dt was 269±66 ml/s. There were significant positive correlations between dS and dV/dt (r=0.80, P〈0.01), and between dS/dt and dV/dt (r=0.45, P〈0.05). Based on our results, M-mode echocardiographic measurements of tricuspid ring motion may be used to assess the right ventricular diastolic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 13 (1997), S. 433-436 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging ; right ventricular filling ; velocity profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the velocity profiles of transtricuspid inflow, we examined 20 normal subjects (17 males and 3 females, mean age 27 ± 7) by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electrocardiographic gating was performed in all anatomical and flow studies, and sequences were triggered by the R wave. Cine gradient echo images (echo time, 14 ms) were acquired in the right ventricular horizontal long axis, and from these, cine images with velocity mapping were obtained in the short axis of the right ventricle. Velocity mapping of right ventricular inflow was obtained at peak early diastolic filling. Velocity profile curves across the tricuspid inflow were obtained at each 1 cm interval from the tricuspid ring to 3 cm into the cavity. Maximum/mean velocity was 1.1 ± 0.1 at ring level, unchanged at 1 cm from the tricuspid ring, and thereafter increased to 1.4 ± 0.3 at 2 cm, and 1.5 ± 0.3 at 3 cm as peak velocity fell. The ratio of the longest and shortest jet width cross section was 1.3 ± 0.3 at ring level, and increased to 1.5 ± 0.3 at 3 cm from ring level. Jet cross sectional area was 10.4 ± 2.1 cm2 at ring level, and was unchanged at 3 cm level. Thus, tricuspid inflow velocity showed a relatively flat profile at the tricuspid ring and tip level, becoming more dispersed at 2 and 3 cm from the ring. Right ventricular inflow jet cross section was elliptic, and appeared to be relatively constant in the cross- sectional area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Acute preload reduction ; Doppler echocardiography ; Left ventricular diastolic function ; Maintenence hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Our objective was to investigate changes in left ventricular inflow jet width and long axis motion in patients on maintenance hemodialysis by preload reduction due to a single hemodialysis. Methods. We evaluated 20 patients on stable maintenance hemodialysis by Doppler echocardiography. Twenty age-matched controls were also examined. Transmitral flow, left ventricular long axis M-mode (LAM) echocardiography, and two-dimensional color Doppler early diastolic left ventricular inflow jet width (JW) were analyzed before and after a single hemodialysis. Results. Before hemodialysis, compared with controls, JW was reduced in patients (2.1 ± 0.4 vs 2.4 ± 0.3 cm; P 〈 0.01), and early diastolic excursion of LAM (LAM-E) was also reduced. Peak velocity of the Doppler transmitral early diastolic wave (E) and late diastolic wave (A) were both higher, while the E/A ratio was lower. After hemodialysis, compared with the predialysis findings, JW and early diastolic excursion of LAM were unchanged; however, Doppler transmitral flow showed decreased E and E/A. Thus, in hemodialysis patients, inflow jet width was narrow, and unchanged by a single hemodialysis, while the Doppler transmitral flow pattern was changed mainly to dominant A waves and reduced E waves. Conclusions. In patients on maintenance hemodialysis, the abnormal left ventricular inflow jet dynamics and early diastolic incoordinate long axis motion are unmasked by a preload reduction due to single hemodialysis in a different way from a transmitral Doppler flow pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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