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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To determine the safety, cost effectiveness and effect on quality of life of laparoscopicassisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) compared with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in the management of benign gynaecological disease.Design Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation.Setting Three hospitals in the West of Scotland.Participants Two hundred women scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease.Main outcome measures Conversion rate of LAVH to TAH, complication rates, NHS resource use and costs, quality of life using EuroQol 5 D visual analogue scale, and achievement of milestones.Results The overall incidence of operative complications was 14% in the TAH group and 8% in the LAVH group, with an 8% conversion rate. Length of operation was significantly greater in the women having LAVH at 81 ±30 min vs 47 ±16 min (P 〈 0.001). There was no difference in analgesic requirements between the groups although there was a significantly shorter hospital stay for those having LAVH. The rate of post-surgery recovery, satisfaction with operation and quality of life at four weeks post-operative were similar in the two groups of women. LAVH was significantly more expensive than TAH and remained more expensive for all but the most extreme scenario.Conclusions This study demonstrates that despite the decreased length of hospital stay, LAVH is more expensive than TAH. In addition, recovery following operation and patient satisfaction were not affected by the route chosen. It is unlikely that LAVH represents an efficient use of NHS resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 47 (1955), S. 2517-2520 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 4 (1965), S. 129-136 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The selective, highly endothermic reaction of methylcyclohexane to toluene and hydrogen was studied experimentally over a commercial Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, in an electrically heated tube serving as a packed-bed reactor heat exchanger. The constant-flux reactor, with measurement of temperatures within the bed at points intermediate along its length, proved well suited as an integral reactor for providing information on the reaction rate. A simple analytical model of the reactor was developed, and some of the data were used with the model to derive a rate expression.The model gives a good representation of radial variation of temperature in the packed bed. In the region of high Reynolds numbers investigated, radial transport of enthalpy is described in the model by a film resistance at the tube wall defined by heat transfer coefficient, and a diffusive transport through the packing, dominated by eddy diffusion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 443-445 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a pipe reactor axial mixing results in a distribution of residence times of fluid elements in the reactor. Taylor and others have discussed methods of predicting the extent of axial mixing for isothermal flow in pipes; however, in a reactor the heat of reaction and its supply or removal at the wall can cause significant radial variation of temperature and temperature-dependent physical properties. Thus the velocity profile in a reactor may differ from that in a pipe through which fluid flows at constant temperature.This paper presents an analysis of the effects of radial temperature variations on effective axial diffusion coefficients. In laminar flow it is found that radial temperature variation may increase or decrease the effective diffusivity two- to threefold from that calculated for isothermal flow. At Reynolds numbers greater than 10,000 the diffusivity calculated for constant temperature flow does not differ significantly from that for flow through a reactor tube (with radial temperature variation) at the same Reynolds number, calculated with the viscosity evaluated at the wall temperature. In turbulent flow at Reynolds numbers less than 10,000, the effect of radial temperature variation is important but can be estimated only roughly.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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