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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerisation von Butadien und Vinylferrocen mit freien Radikalen (1978)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 198-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01679377
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical polymerization of vinylferrocene. I. Kinetics (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1049-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of vinylferrocene in benzene at 60°C in the presence of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile has been studied. Densities and apparent densities were determined and rates of polymerization measured dilatometrically. The results show that vinylferrocene does not obey normal vinyl polymerization kinetics. Thus the rate of polymerization is proportional to the mean monomer and mean initiator concentrations both raised to a power of 1.1, and the degree of polymerization is independent of the initiator concentration. The polymerization reaction also has a high overall activation energy of 139 kJ/mole. The unusual kinetics are due to a monomolecular termination of the polyvinylferrocene chain radical which is also intermolecular with respect to the chain radical. Termination occurs by an intramolecular electron transfer reaction from a ferrocene nucleus to the growing chain radical which deactivates the chain radical and produces a polymer molecule containing a high spin Fe (III) complex. The presence of this species has been confirmed by Möussbauer and ESR spectroscopy. The rate constant for termination is between 3 and 60 sec-1. Intramolecular electron transfer has not been previously observed in vinyl polymerizations. The term “intralectran” is suggested to describe this new type of termination. Vinylferrocene readily undergoes transfer to monomer (with a transfer constant equal to about 8 × 10-3) and to polymer, but not to benzene.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical polymerization of vinylferrocene. II. Spectroscopic and physical properties (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 475-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The spectroscopic and physical properties of poly(vinylferrocene) prepared by free-radical polymerization in benzene are discussed. The results obtained in these studies are in accord with the kinetic analysis of the polymerization reactions in benzene. ESR spectroscopy shows that the polymer is paramagnetic and contains a species which is identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy as an ionically bound complex of Fe(III) in a high spin (3d5) configuration. The concentration of this species is shown to be dependent upon kinetic parameters. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the polymer does not contain any oxidized ferromagnetic impurities. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that the polymer contains vinylidene groups. The presence of these groups is explained by chain transfer to monomer followed by reinitiation. Ultraviolet spectroscopy also suggests the presence of unsaturation in the polymer. Gel-permeation chromatography indicates that poly(vinylferrocene) is branched even at low conversions. The effect of transfer reactions and the intramolecular electron transfer termination of the chain radical on the structure of poly(vinylferrocene) is discussed. The glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the polymer are also examined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.170140218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of free radical polymerization of vinylferrocene (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 11 (1973), S. 471-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.130110709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation reactions in polymerization systems. III. Anionic polymerization to free-radical polymerization by the use of mercury salts (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 483-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.130140808
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-radical polymerization of vinylferrocene. I. Kinetics (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 2871-2871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170131225
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Parametric Study of the Synthesis of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrostilbene from trinitrotoluene and sodium hypochlorite (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 8 (1983), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The synthesis of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene by the action of alkaline sodium hypochlorite on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene has been studied. The effects of time, temperature, pH, solvent composition and mode of TNT addition on the yield of HNS are discussed. The reaction, usually referred to as the Shipp synthesis, is shown to be highly susceptible to variations in process conditions, particularly base and water concentrations. The conversion of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzyl chloride, an intermediate in the Shipp reaction, to HNS has also been examined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19830080202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Synthesis of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrostilbene (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 4 (1979), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The synthesis of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene by oxidative coupling of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the presence of metal catalysts has been studied. The effects of reaction parameters on product yields have been evaluated and mechanisms for the reaction are proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19790040602
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