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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 987-992 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency dependent dielectric constant and loss of the unconventional bismuth cuprate glasses have been presented in wide temperature and frequency ranges. Alternating current dielectric loss peak has been observed in the measurable frequency range at higher temperatures, where the measured ac conductivity approaches the dc conductivity. The temperature range where ac loss peak has been observed, varies systematically with glass composition. The dielectric data at these temperature ranges have been analyzed in terms of different theoretical models to find out the possible relaxation mechanism. It has been observed that the dipolar relaxation model with a distribution of relaxation times can best explain the experimental data. The dipolar relaxation occurs due to the hopping of charge carriers between different localized valence states of copper ions within a range of energies near the mobility edge. High value of the dielectric constant observed in these glasses can be attributed to the influence of high polarizability of the Bi3+ ions of the unconventional network former Bi2O3 to the ac response. The higher distribution of the relaxation times in the present glasses compared to the unconventional lead cuprate glasses indicates less homogeneity of the bismuth cuprate glass system. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 10041-10045 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature and compositional dependence of the electrical transport properties of the nonconventional binary bismuth cuprate glasses are reported for the first time. It has been observed that the phonon assisted small polaron hopping model in the nonadiabatic regime is consistent with the data only at high temperatures. The variable range hopping model can fit the low temperature data qualitatively. The polaron hopping models proposed by Schnakenberg [Phys. Status Solidi 28, 623 (1968)] and Emin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 303 (1974)] can predict quantitatively the conductivity data in the entire temperature range of measurement for all glass compositions. The physical parameters obtained from the best fits of these models are found reasonable and consistent with the glass compositions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 6270-6274 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dc electrical transport properties of the nonconventional lead cuprate glasses of compositions (CuO)x(PbO)100−x for x=15–50 mol % are reported in the temperature range 150–500 K. The experimental results have been analyzed in the light of existing theoretical models. It has been observed that the high-temperature conductivity data are consistent with Mott's nearest-neighbor hopping model, while at low temperatures Mott's variable-range-hopping model fits the data very well. The polaron hopping models of Schnakenberg and Emin can predict the conductivity data in the entire temperature range of measurement. The percolation model of Triberis and Friedman is not consistent with the experimental results. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 110 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2000), S. 363-369 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology - 61.46.+w Clusters, nanoparticles, and nanocrystalline materials - 61.10.Kw X-ray reflectometry (surfaces, interfaces, films)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The influence of matrix and substrate on the morphology of three Pt nanocermet thin films has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray specular reflectivity and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The TEM measurements clearly evidence the presence of metallic nanoparticles inserted in an amorphous insulator matrix. The structure of the thin films in the z-direction, normal to the surface of the films, is then analysed by specular X-ray reflectivity. Using two different models to analyse the data, it is shown that although the size and the mean separation of the particles does not depend much on the nature of the insulator matrix, the substrate and the insulator matrix play a key role at the film-substrate interface. These conclusions are reinforced by the SIMS analysis which shows that the diffusion of metallic particles in the substrate is important in the presence of alumina matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 7 (1989), S. 949-951 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] We have regenerated plants of Arachis hypogea cultivar SB-11 from immature zygotic embryo axis via direct somatic embryogenesis without an intermediate callus stage. Induction and maturation of the somatic embryos was achieved on the same medium. 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 31 (1996), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung  Es wird eine exakte Lösung für die Dispersion eines gelösten Stoffes in einer inkompressiblen zähen Flüssigkeit angegeben, die unter dem Einfluß eines periodischen Druckgradienten langsam durch einen Parallelwandkanal strömt. Unter Verwendung eines verallgemeinerten Dispersionsmodells, das für alle Zeit nach der Einbringung des gelösten Stoffes Gültigkeit hat, bestimmen sich die Diffusionskoeffizienten K i (r) (i=1, 2, 3,…) als Funktion der Zeit, wobei für die Anfangsverteilung des gelösten Stoffes ein Pfropfenprofil endlicher Ausdehnung zugrunde liegen soll. Der zweite Koeffizient K 2(τ) liefert ein Maß für die Längsdispersion des gelösten Stoffes infolge des zusammenwirkenden Einflusses der molekularen Diffusion und der ungleichförmigen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung über den Kanalquerschnitt. Die Untersuchung liefert das neue Resultat, daßK 2(τ) aus einem stationären Anteil S und einem, infolge der pulsierenden Strömung fluktuierenden Anteil D 2(τ) besteht. Es läßt sich zeigen, daßS mit der Amplitude λ der Druckpulsation ansteigt, wenn die Frequenz ω der Pulsation niedrig bleibt, jedoch abnimmt, wenn λ für große ω-Werte steigt. Ebenso zeigt sich, daß für festes λ und ω=1 nur sehr geringe Fluktationen in D 2(τ) resultieren, die jedoch große Amplituden erreichen, wenn ω geringfügig größer als Eins wird. Die Amplitude von D 2(τ) sinkt dann bei weiterem Anstieg von ω. Die Änderung sowohl von S wie von D 2(τ) mit ω verläuft somit nicht monoton. Schließlich wird die mittlere Konzentration Θ m des gelösten Stoffen über dem Kanalquerschnitt für verschiedene Werte von λ und ω bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract  The paper presents an exact analysis of the dispersion of a solute in an incompressible viscous fluid flowing slowly in a parallel plate channel under the influence of a periodic pressure gradient. Using a generalised dispersion model which is valid for all times after the solute injection, the diffusion coefficients K i (τ) (i=1, 2, 3,…) are determined as functions of time τ when the initial distribution of the solute is in the form of a slug of finite extent. The second coefficient K 2(τ) gives a measure of the longitudinal dispersion of the solute due to the combined influence of molecular diffusion and nonuniform velocity across the channel cross-section. The analysis leads to the novel result that K 2(τ) consists of a steady part S and a fluctuating part D 2(τ) due to the pulsatility of the flow. It is shown that S increases with increase in λ (the amplitude of pressure pulsation) for small values of ω (the frequency of the pulsation). But for large ω, S decreases with increase in λ. It is also found that for fixed λ, there is very little fluctuation in D 2(τ) for ω=1, but D 2(τ) shows fluctuation with large amplitude when ω slightly exceeds unity. The amplitude of D 2(τ) then decreases with further increase in ω. Thus the variation of both S and D 2(τ) with ω is non-monotonic. Finally, θ m , the average concentration of the solute over the channel cross-section is determined for various values of λ and ω.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 31 (1996), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine exakte Lösung für die Dispersion eines gelösten Stoffes in einer inkompressiblen zähen Flüssigkeit angegeben, die unter dem Einfluß eines periodischen Druckgradienten langsam durch einen Parallelwandkanal strömt. Unter Verwendung eines verallgemeinerten Dispersionsmodells, das für alle Zeit nach der Einbringung des gelösten Stoffes Gültigkeit hat, bestimmen sich die DiffusionskoeffizientenK i (r) (i=1,2,3,…) als Funktion der Zeit, wobei für die Anfangsverteilung des gelösten Stoffes ein Pfropfenprofil endlicher Ausdehnung zugrunde liegen soll. Der zweite KoeffizientK 2(τ) liefert ein Maß für die Längsdispersion des gelösten Stoffes infolge des zusammenwirkenden Einflusses der molekularen Diffusion und der ungleichförmigen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung über den Kanalquerschnitt. Die Untersuchung liefert das neue Resultat, daßK 2(τ) aus einem stationären AnteilS und einem, infolge der pulsierenden Strömung fluktuierenden AnteilD 2(τ) besteht. Es läßt sich zeigen, daßS mit der Amplitudeλ der Druckpulsation ansteigt, wenn die Frequenzω der Pulsation niedrig bleibt, jedoch abnimmt, wennλ für großeω-Werte steigt. Ebenso zeigt sich, daß für festesλ undω=1 nur sehr geringe Fluktationen inD 2(τ) sinkt dann bei weiterem Anstieg vonω. Die Änderung sowohl vonS wie vonD 2(τ) mitω verläuft somit nicht monoton. Schließlich wird die mittlere Konzentration Θ m des gelösten Stoffen über dem Kanalquerschnitt für verschiedene Werte vonλ undω bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents an exact analysis of the dispersion of a solute in an incompressible viscous fluid flowing slowly in a parallel plate channel under the influence of a periodic pressure gradient. Using a generalised dispersion model which is valid for all times after the solute injection, the diffusion coefficientsK i (τ)(i=1,2,3,…) are determined as functions of timeτ when the initial distribution of the solute is in the form of a slug of finite extent. The second coefficientK 2(τ) gives a measure of the longitudinal dispersion of the solute due to the combined influence of molecular diffusion and nonuniform velocity across the channel cross-section. The analysis leads to the novel result thatK 2(τ) consists of a steady partS and a fluctuating partD 2(τ) due to the pulsatility of the flow. It is shown thatS increases with increase inλ (the amplitude of pressure pulsation) for small values ofω (the frequency of the pulsation). But for largeω, S decreases with increase inλ. It is also found that for fixedλ, there is very little fluctuation inD 2(τ) forω=1, butD 2(τ) shows fluctuation with large amplitude whenω slightly exceeds unity. The amplitude ofD 2(τ) then decreases with further increase inω. Thus the variation of bothS andD 2(τ) withω is non-monotonic. Finally,ϑ m , the average concentration of the solute over the channel cross-section is determined for various values ofλ andω.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 32 (1997), S. 481-488 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer exakten Untersuchung wird das Dispersionsverhalten eines nichtmischbaren gelösten Stoffes in einer nicht-Newtonschen Flüssigkeit aufgeklärt, die als inkompressibles Fluid zweiter Ordnung mit viskoelastischem Verhalten charakterisiert sei. Das Fluid soll unter der Wirkung eines periodisch veränderlichen Druckgradienten langsam durch einen Parallelplattenkanal strömen. Unter Verwendung eines generalisierten Dispersionsmodells, das für alle Zeiten nach Zugabe des gelösten Stoffes gültig ist, erhält man die Diffusionskoeffizienten K i (τ)(i=1,2,3,…) als Funktion der Zeit τ für den Fall, daß die anfängliche Verteilung des gelösten Stoffes als Pfropfen endlicher Ausdehnung vorgegeben ist. Die Untersuchung liefert die neue Erkenntnis, daßK 2(τ) (ein Maß für den longitudinalen Dispersionskoeffizienten) neben einem fluktuierenden, von der pulsierenden Strömung herrührendem Anteil D 2(τ), noch einen stationären Anteil S enthält, der mit zunehmendem Viskositätsparameter M bei gegebenen Werten λ für die Amplitude und ω für die Frequenz der Druckoszillation abnimmt. Anderseits wächst die Amplitude D 2(τ) für einen bestimmten Zeitpunkt τ mit M bei gegebenen Werten λ and ω; sie nimmt ab, wenn ω bei gegebenen λ and M ansteigt, wobei das D 2(λ)-Profil mit steigendem ω flacher wird. Schließlich wird die axiale Verteilung der mittleren Konzentrationen θ m des gelösten Stoffes für verschiedene Zeiten nach dessen Zugabe bestimmt, und zwar für verschiedene Wertekombinationen von M, λ und ω. Die vorliegende Studie könnte wertvolle Hinweise für die Ausbreitung von Markierungsstoffen im Blutstrom durch Arterien liefern.
    Notes: Abstract The paper presents an exact analysis of the dispersion of an immiscible solute in a non-Newtonian fluid (known as an incompressible second-order fluid which shows viscoelastic behaviour) flowing slowly in a parallel plate channel in the presence of a periodic pressure gradient. Using a generalized dispersion model which is valid for all times after the solute injection, the diffusion coefficients K i (τ)(i=1,2,3,…) are obtained as functions of time τ in the case when the initial solute distribution is in the form of a slug of finite extent. The analysis leads to the novel result that K 2(τ) (which is a measure of the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of the solute) has a steady part S in addition to a fluctuating part D 2(τ) due to the pulsatility of the flow. It is found that S decreases with increase in the viscoelastic parameter M for given values of the amplitude λ and frequency ω of the pressure pulsation. On the other hand, it is found that at a fixed instant τ, the amplitude of D 2(τ) increases with increase in M for given values of λ and ω. Further it is shown that at a given instant τ, the amplitude of D 2(τ) decreases with increase in ω for given λ and M and the profile for D 2(τ) becomes progressively flatter with increase in ω. Finally the axial distribution of the average concentration θ m of the solute over the channel cross-section is determined at different instants after the solute injection for several values of M, λ and ω. The present study is likely to have important bearing on the problem of dispersion of tracers in blood flow through arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 16 (1997), S. 783-786 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsArachis hypogaea ; Abnormal somatic embryos ; Conversion ; Thidiazuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are widely cultivated as a rich source of protein and oil. Although protocols for the regeneration of peanut via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis have been developed, most of them have resulted in low frequencies of plant recovery. In this report, we describe a protocol for plantlet formation at high frequency from somatic embryos. Morphologically abnormal somatic embryos germinated and produced roots only in medium devoid of growth regulators. Shoots emerged from the undeveloped plumule of these rooted embryos in medium containing both 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KN), or in medium with thidiazuron (TDZ) alone. In Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 8.9 µm BA and 14 µm KN, 86% of the embryos developed shoots. Substitution of BA and KN with 22.7 µm TDZ increased plant recovery from 86% to 92%. Plants grown on TDZ had multiple shoots. Eighty-four percent of these plants survived in sandy soil and were grown to maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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