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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhäsionsmoleküle bei urologischen Tumoren (1996)
    Springer
    Der Urologe 35 (1996), S. 363-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Adhäsionsmoleküle ; Urologische Tumoren ; Integrine ; Cadherine ; ICAM-1 ; Key words Adhesion molecules ; Urologic tumors ; Integrins ; Cadherins ; ICAM-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Adhesion molecules play an important role in organogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, and progression of malignant tumors. Three major classes of adhesion molecules may be discriminated by function: (a) calcium-dependent homotypic adhesion molecules (e. g. cadherins), (b) substrate adhesion molecules (e. g. integrins) and (c) heterotypic adhesion molecules (e. g. ICAM-1). Molecules of each of the three classes have been identified in urologic tumors. Results of research on substrate adhesion molecules and heterotypic adhesion molecules have not yet led to new clinical concepts. In contrast, loss of E-cadherin in tumors of the bladder and prostate has been clearly associated with de-differentiation of tumors and diminished survival of patients. Loss of another adhesion molecule, C-CAM, has been observed in prostate cancer. This has led to new therapeutic approaches, which are in an experimental stage at present. It may be expected that, in the future, new therapeutic concepts will be based on research on adhesion molecules in urologic tumors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Adhäsionsmoleküle spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei Organogenese, Wundheilung, Entzündung und der Progression maligner Tumoren. Funktionell lassen sich die Adhäsionsmoleküle in 3 Klassen unterteilen: die calciumabhängigen homotypischen Adhäsionsmoleküle (z. B. Cadherine), die Substratadhäsionsmoleküle (z. B. Integrine) und die heterotypischen Adhäsionsmoleküle (z. B. ICAM-1). Bei urologischen Tumoren sind Vertreter aller 3 Molekülfamilien identifiziert worden. Während die Analyse von Integrinen und heterotypischen Adhäsionsmolekülen derzeit noch nicht zu klinisch verwertbaren Konzepten geführt hat, ist von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen bei Tumoren der Harnblasen und Prostata gezeigt worden, daß der Verlust des epithelialen Cadherins (E-Cadherin) mit einer Dedifferenzierung des Tumors und einer schlechteren Überlebenschance assoziiert ist. Beim Prostatakarzinom wurde darüber hinaus mit dem Verlust der Differenzierung ein Verlust des Adhäsionsmoleküls C-CAM beobachtet. Diese Erkenntnisse haben zu neuen therapeutischen Ansätzen geführt, die sich derzeit noch in einem experimentellen Stadium befinden. Es ist zu erwarten, daß durch Grundlagenforschung über Adhäsionsmoleküle bei urologischen Tumoren die Biologie des malignen Wachstums und der Metastasierung besser verstanden und therapeutisch beeinflußt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001200050037
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell surface expression and serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in renal cell carcinoma (1994)
    Springer
    Urological research 22 (1994), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Adhesion molecules ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ; Immunotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is the natural ligand of the T-lymphocyte adhesion molecule LFA-1 (lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1). ICAM-1 is involed in target cell recognition by T-lymphocytes, LAK cells and natural killer cells. The molecule has also been detected on a variety of normal cells and on human tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the few tumors that respond to immunotherapy, but clinical results are generally disappointing. We therefore analyzed, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of ICAM-1 in pairs of normal kidneys, RCC, and RCC metastases. Moreover, serum ICAM-1 was determined in RCC patients and compared with surface expression of cell-bound ICAM-1. Strong glomerular expression of ICAM-1 was observed in all specimens of normal kidney examined. Proximal tubuli were weakly stained in the majority of specimens. Of the tumors, 80% stained positive for ICAM-1. Although ICAM-1 was detected on the majority of extrarenal tumor specimens examined, staining was generally weaker in the metastases. Patients without metastases at initial presentation more frequently expressed ICAM-1 in their primary tumors than did patients with metastases. Levels of serum ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) were significantly higher in RCC patients than in controls with non-malignant renal diseases. Patients with an unfavorable prognosis, e.g. with advanced tumor stage or metastasis at initial presentation, had higher levels of sICAM-1 than patients with low-grade and/or low-stage tumors. An inverse correlation was observed between expression of ICAM-1 in tumors and levels of sICAM-1. On the basis of our data we suggest that cell-bound or soluble ICAM-1 is correlated with tumor-host interaction in RCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431542
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CD44V2 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and in urine (1997)
    Springer
    Urological research 25 (1997), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Urothelium ; CD44V2 ; Alternative splicing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diagnostic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00941981
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rationale for immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 357-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma ; Immunotherapy ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metastasis to distant organs is the principal cause of death from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). No commonly accepted therapy is available for disseminated RCC at present. Immunotherapy is a mode of therapy that either interferes with the immune system or makes use of drugs that have been derived from soluble mediators of the immune system. Several lines of evidence suggest that combinations of genetically engineered cytokines (e.g. interleukin-2 and interferon alpha) may be particularly active in the treatment of advanced RCC. There are two major rationales for considering immunotherapy for RCC: (1) there is currently no other therapy available, and (2) there is hardly any innovative approach besides immunotherapy. Still, immunotherapy is far from being a standard therapy for disseminated RCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of endogenous receptors for carbohydrate ligands in primary and metastatic human renal cell carcinoma (1993)
    Springer
    Urological research 21 (1993), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Carbohydrate-binding proteins ; Metastases ; Renal cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of primary and metastatic human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were analyzed for the expression of endogeneous binding sites for carbohydrates. Fluorescent neoglycoproteins, carrying chemically linked carbohydrate residues on bovine serum albumin as a carrier protein, were applied to 44 primary tumor specimens. In the majority of specimens, accessible binding sites with specificity for maltose and N-acetylgalactosamine were detected. In specimens of normal kidney no specific binding of carbohydrate ligands was observed under these experimental conditions. Specimens of both the primary tumor and a metastasis were available in 10 cases. When the expression of specific binding sites of primary tumors and metastases was compared, the respective patterns were similar with no clear gain or loss of certain lectins in the metastases. We conclude that binding sites with specificity for maltose and N-acetylgalactosamine are present on human RCC and their corresponding metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current strategies for immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma (1991)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 9 (1991), S. 204-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Therapy for disseminated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major problem, as RCC is almost completely resistant to standard therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The search for innovative strategies has led to new concepts based on the assumption that the cellular or soluble mediators of the immune system can be rendered cytotoxic or cytostatic for RCC. The near-unlimited availability of genetically engineered, recombinant, soluble mediators of the immune response, the cytokines, has led to numerous clinical studies for therapy of RCC. Of all approaches under study, protocols employing interleukin-2 alone or in combination with other cytokines or chemotherapeutic drugs appear to be most promising. Despite much effort in this field, all protocols mentioned in this review concern therapies under study rather than established regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182841
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concomitment spread of a renal cell carcinoma beyond the kidney and a transitional cell carcinoma beyond the bladder (2000)
    Springer
    International urology and nephrology 32 (2000), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2584
    Keywords: Bladder tumor ; Renal cell carcinoma ; Transitional cell carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 61-year-old man, with a rare combination of two advanced urological tumors: a concomitant spread of an adenocarcinomabeyond the kidney and a urothelial carcinoma beyond the bladder. Wesimultaneously performed a primary curative prostatovesiculectomy anda nephroureterectomy on the right with ileal neobladder. To ourknowledge, a case report of concomitant spread of an adenocarcinomabeyond the kidney (pT3 pN0 M0 G3) and a urothelial carcinoma beyondthe bladder (pT3a pN0 M0 G3) with subsequent curative therapy hasthus far not been published. A combination of the two diseasesdescribed here is obviously a remarkable rarity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007122832632
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß präoperativer parenteraler Alimentation auf den perioperativen Verlauf bei Patienten mit Oesophaguscarcinom (1989)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 374 (1989), S. 208-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Esophageal cancer ; Nutritional status ; Total parenteral nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 35 konsekutiven Patienten, die sich einer Oesophagusresektion wegen eines Malignoms unterzogen, wurde der Ernährungsstatus prospektiv erfaßt. 15 Patienten wurden als mangelernährt angesehen und präoperativ im Median für 7 Tage hochcalorisch parenteral ernährt. In der Kontrollgruppe (n = 20, keine TPN) wurde der Ernährungsstatus als normal bewertet. Durch die parenterale Ernährung konnten bestehende Defizite bei Parametern mit kürzerer Halbwertszeit ausgeglichen werden, so daß am Tage vor der Operation der Ernährungsstatus beider Gruppen vergleichbar war. Auch hinsichtlich präoperativer Risikofaktoren, Tumorstadium und Operationstrauma waren beide Gruppen vergleichbar. Der postoperative Verlauf präoperativ parenteral ernährter Patienten war verglichen mit der Kontrollgruppe insgesamt günstiger. So lag die postoperative stationäre Behandlungszeit bei 26 gegenüber 32 Tagen, kein Patient verstarb (versusn = 4), ein Patient bekam eine Sepsis (versusn = 4), kein Patient entwickelte ein akutes Nierenversagen (versusn = 3). Diese Unterschiede waren jedoch wegen der kleinen Gruppengrößen statistisch nicht signifikant.
    Notes: Summary In 35 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for malignancy the nutritional status was evaluated. 15 patients were estimated to be malnourished and were therefore treated by total parental nutrition (TPN) for 7 days. In the control group (n = 20, no TPN) the nutritional status was normal. TPN corrected abnormal serum parameters with short half-life time. Therefore the nutritional status of both groups was equal at time of operation. The postoperative clinical outcome of both groups was as follows: In TPN-treated patients postoperative hospital stay for 26 days was shorter compared to 32 days in controls, no patient died (vsn = 4), one patient developed sepsis (vsn = 4), no patient developed acute renal failure (vsn = 3). These differences did not reach levels of significance due to the small patient groups. In conclusion our study shows that patients with esophageal cancer and regarded as well nourished seemed to suffer from nutritional deficits. Assessment of the nutritional status by commonly used nutritional parameters does not reveal these deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01359555
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