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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conductive electron heat flow along magnetic field lines (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1171-1179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, a unified closure for the conductive electron heat flux along magnetic field lines is derived and examined. Both free-streaming and collisional pitch-angle scattering of electrons are present in the drift kinetic equation which is solved using an expansion in pitch-angle eigenfunctions (Legendre polynomials). The closure takes the form of a generic integral operator involving the electron temperature variation along a magnetic field line and the electron speed. Derived for arbitrary collisionality, the heat flux closure may be written in forms resembling previous collisional and collisionless expressions. Electrons with two to three times the thermal speed are shown to carry heat for all collisionalities and thermal electrons make an important contribution to the heat flow in regimes of moderate to low collisionality. As a practical application, the flow of electron heat along a chaotic magnetic field is calculated in order to highlight the nonlocal nature of the closure which allows for heat to flow against local temperature gradients. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1349876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetohydrodynamic calculations with a nonmonotonic q profile and equilibrium, sheared toroidal flow (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 837-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear and nonlinear stability of a nonmonotonic q profile is examined using a reduced set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with an equilibrium, sheared toroidal flow. The reversed shear profile is shown to be unstable to a rich variety of resistive MHD modes including pressure-driven instabilities and tearing instabilities possessing a tearing/interchange character at low Lundquist number, S, and taking on a double/triple tearing structure at high S. Linear calculations show that the destabilizing effect of toroidal velocity shear on tearing modes is enhanced at finite pressure. In addition, this velocity shear decreases the stabilizing effect of finite pressure seen previously for tearing modes at high S. Nonlinear calculations show the generation of a large, m=1, n=0, Reynolds-stress-driven poloidal flow in the absence of significant flow damping. Calculations in which the poloidal flow was heavily damped show that sub-Alfvénic, sheared toroidal flows have a minimal effect on weakly coupled, localized instabilities. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in leave-on products elicits contact allergy at low concentration (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The rapidly increasing level of contact allergy to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) in Europe is of concern. In April 2003, the EU Commission prohibited the use of MDBGN in leave-on cosmetic products, such as creams and lotions, until a level of safe use can be defined. Industry risk assessment has indicated that such a safe level could be 50–100 p.p.m.Objectives  To determine whether 50 p.p.m. or 100 p.p.m. could be tolerated by MDBGN-sensitized individuals, and to evaluate if the risk for elicitation of MDBGN allergy is higher for a leave-on product with a high lipid content than for a product with a low lipid content.Methods  Eighteen volunteers with contact allergy to MDBGN and 10 healthy controls were exposed to repeated open application tests (ROATs) with two moisturizers with a high and a low lipid content, respectively, both containing MDBGN at a concentration of 50 p.p.m. The ROATs were performed on the left and the right side of the neck for 14 days, or until a positive reaction was seen. If a positive reaction did not develop within the first 14 days, two analogous moisturizers containing 100 p.p.m. MDBGN were applied for a further 14 days. Clinical assessments were done on days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 or when a reaction developed.Results  Eleven of 18 (61%) subjects developed dermatitis on the test area, of whom 10 developed a positive reaction to the 50 p.p.m. moisturizer, seven having a positive reaction on day 2 or 3. Reactions to the low-lipid moisturizer were the more frequent. All participants used more of the low-lipid moisturizer than the high-lipid moisturizer. The controls all had negative ROATs.Conclusions  Even 50 p.p.m. cannot be regarded as a safe concentration for use and the prohibition of MDBGN is scientifically well founded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06145.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination of fluoride and chloride anions with alcohol and phenol (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 76 (1972), S. 1775-1783 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100656a020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of iron pigments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 120 (1993), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-8853(93)91285-F
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dendritic shapes of goethite particles on their transformation to iron oxide and iron particles
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 120 (1993), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-8853(93)91284-E
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Less skin irritation from alcohol-based disinfectant than from detergent used for hand disinfection (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The benefit of alcohol-based disinfectant used on normal skin has been debated.Objectives  The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of repeated exposure to an alcohol-based disinfectant, a detergent and an alcohol-based disinfectant/detergent alternately for 10 days, including noninvasive measurements in the evaluation. Skin reactivity in irritated skin after a 4-week interval was also evaluated.Materials and methods  Detergent, disinfectant and alternate disinfectant and detergent were applied twice daily every 10 min for 1 h to the ventral upper arms and forearms of 17 healthy volunteers. A control area was included. After 4 weeks an SLS patch was applied to each area. Irritant reactions were quantified with a visual score recording and measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin colour were performed on days 1, 5, 11, 38 and 40.Results  On day 5 the detergent caused a higher visual score than either disinfectant applied alone or alternate disinfectant and detergent, P 〈 0·05. On day 11 detergent and alternate disinfectant and detergent caused a higher score than disinfectant, P 〈 0·05. An increased irritant response for detergent compared with disinfectant alone and alternate disinfectant and detergent was confirmed by TEWL evaluations on days 5 and 11, P 〈 0·001, while no significant difference was found by colour measurement. After 4 weeks, when evaluated by colour measurement, significantly less response to the SLS patch was found on the disinfectant-treated area compared with the control area and detergent area, and a similar trend was found for TEWL, although it was not statistically significant.Conclusion  Alcohol-based disinfectant caused less visible skin irritation and less skin barrier disruption than the use of detergent. The alternate use of detergent and disinfectant caused less irritation than the use of detergent, and a possible interaction between the two irritants was not indicated. After 4 weeks there was a tendency for decreased skin reactivity in the skin areas which had 4 weeks previously been exposed to disinfectant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06875.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hand eczema severity index (HECSI): a scoring system for clinical assessment of hand eczema. A study of inter- and intraobserver reliability (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  There is a need for a standardized clinical grading system for a more objective and accurate assessment of the severity of hand eczema (HE).Objectives  To develop and validate a scoring system called the hand eczema severity index (HECSI) designed for clinical assessment of HE.Methods  Twelve dermatologists (observers) assessed 15 HE patients twice, with an interval of 30 min. The study was performed blinded for the observers, and only the hands and wrists of the patients were visible to the observers. Agreement between the observers was determined by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which is the correlation between (single) ratings of the same patient.Results  ICC for total HECSI score was 0·79 at the first assessment and 0·84 at the second assessment. ICC for intraobserver agreement was 0·90.Conclusions  Overall excellent agreement existed for both inter- and intraobserver reliability and the scoring system is suggested for use in future clinical studies on HE. Because HECSI is an entirely objective assessment of clinical signs, in addition, inclusion of patient-rated symptoms should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06305.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FS09.4
Methyldibromo glutaronitrile in leave-on products (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Contact dermatitis 50 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rapidly increasing frequency of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN) is of concern. This study investigates the allergic response elicited in pre-sensitised individuals from exposure to a leave-on product preserved with 50 or 100 ppm MDBGN.Material and methods:  Eighteen volunteers with contact allergy to MDBGN and 10 healthy controls were exposed to repeated open allication tests (ROAT) with two moisturisers with a high and a low lipid content, respectively, both containing MDBGN in a concentration of 50 ppm. The ROATs were performed on the left and the right side of the neck for 14 days, or until a positive reaction was seen. If a positive reaction did not develop within the first 14 days the application with analogous moisturisers containing 100 ppm MDBGN continued for further 14 days.Results:  Eleven (61.1%) developed dermatitis on the test area, and 10 (55.5%) developed a positive reaction to 50 ppm moisturiser. Reactions to the low- moisturiser were the most frequent. the controls all had negative ROATs.Conclusion:  A concentration of 50 ppm MDBGN in a leave-on product was found to elicit an allergic reaction in more than half of sensitised individuals when applied on the neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0309cg.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibrilläre Glomerulonephritis Fallbericht zur Differentialdiagnose des nephrotischen Syndroms* (1998)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Glomerulonephritis ; Fibrilläre Glomerulopathie ; Nephrotisches Syndrom ; Amyloid ; Key words Glomerulonephritis ; Fibrillary glomerulopathy ; Nephrotic syndrome ; Amyloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 67-year-old male patient presented with a nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy of the kidney revealed the characteristic of fibrillary glo-merulopathy on light and electron micros-copy. Other non-nephritic causes of a nephrotic syndrome (e.g. amyloidosis, immunotactoid glomerulopathy, light-chain glomerulopathy, cryoglobulinaemia, collagen-III glomerulopathy, fibronectin glomerulopathy) could be excluded. Besides the case report, differential diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulopathies is presented.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über einen 67jährigen männlichen Patienten mit einem nephrotischen Syndrom. Die zur ätiologischen Abklärung durchgeführte Nierenpunktion ergab lichtmikroskopisch und feinstrukturell den Befund einer fibrillären Glomerulonephritis; andere Ursachen eines nephrotischen Syndroms, insbesondere andere Erkrankungen aus dem Formenkreis der fibrillären Glomerulopathien im engeren Sinn (Amyloidose, immunotaktoide Glomerulonephritis, fibrilläre Variante der Leichtketten-Glomerulopathie, Kryoglobulinämie, Kollagen III-Glomerulopathie, Fibronektin-Glomerulo-pathie), konnten histopathologisch und klinisch ausgeschlossen werden. Anhand dieses Falles soll dieses differentialdiagnostische Spektrum der fibrillären Glomerulo-pathien kurz dargestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050266
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