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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Skin research and technology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Backgrounds/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of different layers. To gain better insight into the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers, the mechanical response was studied with experiments of various length scales. Also, the influence of (superficial) hydration on the mechanical response is studied. The work is based on the hypothesis that experiments with different length scales represent the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. For suction, this means that a large aperture diameter reflects the behaviour of mainly dermis, whereas a very small diameter reflects the behaviour of only the top layer of the skin.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures and aperture sizes were performed on the volar forearm of 13 subjects aged 29–47 years. The deformation of the skin was visualized using ultrasound (US) (dermis) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (epidermis and dermis). US measurements were performed on hydrated skin, OCT measurements on dry and hydrated skin. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model (FEM) exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour. An identification method was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material.Results: The material parameters C10 and C11 were calculated for four subjects: C10=29.6±21.1 kPa and C11=493±613 kPa for 6 mm aperture diameter, C10=11.5±8.7 kPa and C11=18.3±12.6 kPa for 2 mm aperture diameter and C10=10.8±9.5 kPa and C11=9.3±7.7 kPa for 1 mm aperture diameter. Skin hydration caused ambiguous effects on the mechanical response.Conclusions: US and OCT, combined with suction, using varying apertures sizes, proved to be a valuable tool to study the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers. With increasing experimental length scale, increasing values for the parameters of the material model were found. This indicates the need of a multi-layered material layer FEM, which can be used to identify mechanical behaviour of epidermis and dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 13 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A clinical study was conducted in which three operators made 232 Class I and Class II composite and amalgam restorations in a group of 49 adult patients. The time for different parts of the operative process was measured. The lime periods were analysed as to the influence of the factors operator, tooth type and number of surfaces, by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results show that the various factors have a significant influence on the total treatment time. The treatment time for amalgam restorations is equal to the treatment lime of composite restorations. The productivity of making restorations from the ‘best’ available amalgams, i.e. the amalgam with an extrapolated half-life time of more than 20 yr, turns out to be more than 3–4 times better than that of the ‘worst’ amalgams (half-life time 41/2–8 yr) and more than two times better than that of making restorations of the best composite material, used in this study (extrapolated half-life time of Estic MF is 10 yr).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: Human skin is a complex tissue consisting of several distinct layers. Each layer consists of various components with a specific structure. To gain a better insight into the overall mechanical behaviour of the skin, we wish to study the mechanical properties of the different layers. A numerical-experimental method was developed to characterize the non-linear mechanical behaviour of human dermis.Methods: Suction measurements at varying pressures were performed on the volar forearm skin of 10 subjects aged 19–24 years old. Deformation of dermis and fat during suction was measured using ultrasound. The experiment was simulated by a finite element model exhibiting extended Mooney material behaviour to account for the non-linear stress–strain relationship. An identification method is used to compare the experimental and numerical results to identify the parameters of the material model.Results: C 10, dermis was found to be 9.4 ± 3.6 kPa and C11, dermis to be 82 ± 60 kPa. A first rough estimate of C10, fat was 0.02 kPa.Conclusions: The resulting finite element model demonstrated its ability to describe the response of the skin to suction at various pressures. In the future, this method can be used to characterize the mechanical behaviour of different skin layers using various aperture sizes and to characterize the skin behaviour under various loading conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 13 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a clinical study the behaviour of posterior composite restorations was evaluated. For the study, 232 Class I or II restorations in premolars and molars were made by three operators in a group of forty-nine adult patients. Each patient underwent one or two series of four restorations. The materials within a series were a strontium glass filled composite (Profile), a microfilled composite (Estic MF), a macrofilled composite (Adaptic Radiopaque) and a high copper amalgam (Dispersalloy). The last two materials served as a negative and positive controls respectively. For a period of 3 years the clinical behaviour was evaluated yearly with the USPHS criteria (anatomic form, marginal adaptation, colour match, marginal staining and caries). Differences in the ratings of the criteria between materials, tooth type and evaluation year were tested statistically for significance. The number of restorations replaced after 3 years in clinical service was eight (=3.6%). The results showed that the material, tooth type and evaluation year all have an influence on the anatomic form and the colour match of the restoration. The behaviour of the three composites with respect to colour match, marginal adaptation and marginal staining was acceptable. For anatomic form, however, only the behaviour of the microfilled composite Estic MF was still acceptable after 3 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 12 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for quantitative in vivo wear measurements on Class I and II composite restorations. Class I gold inlays were made in an acrylic premolar and molar. Over the occlusal parts of the teeth cast silver caps were made after releasing the surface of the inlay with tinfoil. Wear on the restorations was simulated by grinding away some gold from the inlay. Silicon impressions of the teeth were made with the caps both before and after this simulation. The volume and the average thickness of the removed gold was measured from the weight of the enclosed impression material in the cap before and after the wear simulations, the density of the tinfoil and the impression material as well as thickness and the weight of the tinfoil-release.Values expected for the volume and the average thickness of the removed gold were calculated from the weight of the restored acrylic teeth before and after the wear simulation, the weight, the density and the thickness of the tinfoil and the density of the gold used for the inlays. Measured and expected values are linearly correlated (r=0.97). An average wear thickness of the occlusal surface of a particular tooth of at least 30 μm can be detected. Because of its simplicity, inexpensiveness and accuracy the wear measurement method is highly productive and suitable for large scale and long-term clinical research on the wear behaviour of posterior composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 73 (1978), S. 459-468 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Minutenvolumenbestimmungen beim Hund aufgrund der Thermodilutionstechnik wurden mit gleichzeitig durchgeführten Messungen nach demFickschen Prinzip verglichen. Der Zweck der Studie war, im Hundeversuch eine Thermodilutionsmethode zu bewerten, in der ein Doppelthermistor-Katheter verwendet wird, verbunden mit einem automatischen Computer, wie vonOlsson et al. beschrieben. Verdünnung und Temperatur der injizierten Flüssigkeit wurden direkt in die Berechnung einbezogen. Die Methode verwendet keine logarithmische Extrapolierung; die Integration des Signals wird beendet, wenn eine vorgegebene Grenzkonzentration erreicht wird. Fehler durch Rezirkulation, durch die Wärmekapazität des rechten Herzens und Wärmeaustausch mit dem Totraum des Katheters machen einen empirisch abgeleiteten Korrekturfaktor erforderlich. Es zeigte sich, daß dieser Faktor bei Hunden sich deutlich von dem Faktor unterschied, der für Thermodilutionskurven beim Menschen gebraucht wird. Wurden passende Werte für Grenzkonzentration und Korrekturfaktor gewählt, so ergab sich eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den Ergebnissen des Kälteverdünnungsverfahrens und derFickschen Methode. Aus 47 Experimenten wurde folgende Regressionsgleichung errechnet: COtd=0.95COFick+0.08; der Korrelationskoeffizient war 0,94.
    Notes: Summary Thermal dilution cardiac output determinations in dogs were compared to simultaneously performedFick oxygen measurements. The purpose of this study was to validate in dog experiments a method for thermal dilution measurement which employs a double-thermistor catheter combined with an automatic computer as described byOlsson et al. Dilution and injectate temperature are entered directly into the calculation. The method does not employ logarithmic extrapolation, integration of the dilution signal being terminated when a preset cut-off level is reached. Errors due to recirculation, thermal capacitance of the right heart and heat exchange with the catheter's dead space require the use of an empirically derived correction factor, which in dogs was found to be significantly different from the factor used for human thermal dilution curves. With the appropriate cut-off level and correction factor a good agreement was found between the results of the thermal dilution and theFick method. The regression equation for 47 experiments was found to be COtd=0.95 COFick+0.08; the correlation coefficient was 0.94.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    RSA Journal. 16 (1867:Nov. 22-1868:Nov. 20) 100 
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    RSA Journal. 16 (1867:Nov. 22-1868:Nov. 20) 133 
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    RSA Journal. 16 (1867:Nov. 22-1868:Nov. 20) 249 
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