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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine the incidence and describe the complications of laparoscopic procedures in The Netherlands.Design A nationwide prospective multicentre observational study.Methods Data on complications were registered from 1 January to 31 December 1994 by 72 hospitals. Any unexpected or unplanned event requiring intra-operative or post-operative intervention was defined as a complication. Complications were classified in two groups: approach and technique related complications. Complication rates were compared with these already published.Results Of 25,764 laparoscopic procedures, 145 complications occurred (rate 5.7 per 1000 [%0]); two deaths occurred. In 84 women laparotomy was necessary (rate 3.3%0). In 83 cases (57%; 95% CI for approach = 49–65%) the complication was caused by the surgical approach; in 62 cases (43%) the technique was at fault. Haemorrhage of the epigastric vein and intestinal injury, often requiring laparotomy (90% of cases) were the most frequently observed complications. The complication rate was 2.7%0 for diagnostic laparoscopic procedures, 4.5%0 for sterilisation and 17.9%0 (χ2= 127; dF = 2; P 〈0.001) for operative laparoscopy. The highest incidence was registered for complications occurring during laparoscopic (assisted) hysterectomy. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that previous laparotomy and surgical experience were associated with complications requiring laparotomy.Conclusions Most complications occurred during operative laparoscopic procedures (rate 17.9%0). Residents in training are required to learn diagnostic laparoscopy and sterilisation and this training programme results in a fall in the risk of the complications. However, operative laparoscopic procedures are still hazardous, especially laparoscopic hysterectomy. Women with a previous laparotomy are particularly at risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 108 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of Gram-positive bacterial species of biotechnological importance were screened for the expression of the Gram-negative broad-host-range cosmid pJRD215, previously shown to be expressed in Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. As judged from acquired kanamycin or streptomycin resistance, pJRD215 was expressed in five out of ten species tested: Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacterium sp., Corynebacterium glutamicum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Mycobacterium parafortuitum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: DNCB skin test ; sIL-2r ; sCD8 ; Advanced colon cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Developing reliable methods to test the T-cell system may be important in the treatment of colon cancer patients with 5-fluorouracil/levamisole. In a pilot study we explored whether DNCB (dinitrochlorobenzene) skin testing correlated with plasma levels of soluble inter-leukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) and soluble CD8 (sCD8) and, secondly, whether the application of DNCB had any influence on the production of sIL-2r and sCD8. Methods: In 10 patients with advanced colon cancer and in 10 healthy volunteers, plasma levels of sIL-2r and sCD8 were measured before and 10 days after the application of 2 mg DNCB on the inner side of the forearm. Results: As expected, colon cancer patients showed a depressed immune system compared to healthy volunteers (DNCB skin test:P=.005, sIL2r [medians 700 vs 295,P=.002], sCD8 [medians 158 vs 90,P=.03], M-W test). The plasma levels for sIL-2r and sCD8 were significantly lower in the skin-positive cases (P=.01 andP=.03, M-W test). However, a large overlap in plasma levels could be observed between the two skin categories. DNCB had no influence on the production of sIL-2r and sCD8; median change skin-negative and skin-positive −10 vs +25,P=.14, respectively; 48 vs 0,P=.32 (M-W test). Conclusions: DNCB skin testing and plasma levels of sIL-2r and sCD8 seem to be equally useful in evaluating the T-cell system and can be used simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to present the long-term results of total adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease. Forty-four patients undergoing total adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease between 1953 and 1989 at Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, were studied retrospectively. Remission was achieved in 42 patients (95%), with a mean duration of 19 years. Adrenal remnants were observed in 12 patients (27%), and were without clinical consequence in the majority of patients, but caused early recurrent disease in 2 patients. Nine patients (20%) experienced Addisonian crises up to 30 years following treatment. Nelson's syndrome developed in 10 patients (23%) 7–24 years following total adrenalectomy. Prior pituitary irradiation was a protective factor against Nelson's syndrome as it delayed its onset (p= 0.025). On the other hand, subnormal dose or noncontinuous glucocorticoid replacement therapy was associated with increased risk of development of Nelson's syndrome (p= 0.047). The incidence of Nelson's syndrome increased with prolonged follow-up, and female patients seemed to be at increased risk. Quality-of-life assessment showed less favorable scores on mental health and health perception scales, for which no explanation can be found except the long-lasting metabolic effects of Cushing's disease, even when successfully treated. In conclusion, total adrenalectomy remains the final treatment for Cushing's disease. The presence of adrenal remnants which can cause recurrent disease and the development of Nelson's syndrome during prolonged follow-up enhance the need for continued regular follow-up. Pituitary irradiation prior to total adrenalectomy delays the onset of Nelson's syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Atlanto-odontoid joint ; Osteoarthritis ; Computed tomography ; Vacuum phenomenons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Out of 620 consecutive examinations of the atlanto-odontoid joint in patients referred for computed tomography (CT) of the brain or paranasal sinuses, gas collection within the atlanto-odontoid joint was observed in 12 (1.9%). Degenerative abnormalities at the atlanto-odontoid joint were significantly more frequent in patients with a gas-induced vacuum phenomenon than in an age-matched control group. The CT findings and association of the vacuum phenomenon with osteoarthritis of the atlanto-odontoid joint are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'importance relative des facteurs pronostiques dans les cancers papillaires et folliculaires de la thyroïde ont été étudiés chez 113 patients selon le modèle de Cox. Voici les facteurs de pronostic étudiés: histologie, degré de différentiation, extension extrathyroïdienne, envahissement ganglionnaire, présence de métastase à distance au moment du diagnostic, contenu nucléaire en ADN, âge au moment du diagnostic, et sexe. Le contenu d'ADN nucléaire était mesuré dans les tumeurs primitives par la cytométrie de flux. La thyroïdectomie totale suivie d'I 131 était le traitement standard. Les résultats montraient que le contenu nucléaire en ADN était en corrélation significative avec le type histologique et le degré de malignité dans les cancers papillaires. La présence de métastases à distance était de loin le facteur pronostique le plus important. Dans le groupe de patients sans métastases (n=91), la présence de polyploïdie (c'est-à-dire 2 chaînes aberrantes ou plus) était le facteur pronostique significatif pour la survie globale. Pour la survie sans maladie, la polyploïdie venait après le facteur âge. Dans le groupe présentant des métastases à distance (n=22), tous les patients avec tumeurs polyploïdes sont morts pour huit patients de ceux qui avaient des tumeurs à ploïdie différente. Mais le petit nombre de patients de ce groupe interdit de considérer ces résultats comme significatifs. Cette étude démontre que le contenu nucléaire en ADN est un facteur pronostique chez les patients ayant un cancer papillaire et folliculaire sans métastases au moment du diagnostic.
    Abstract: Resumen La importancia relativa de los factores de pronóstico en el cancer papilar y folicular de la glándula tiroides fue estudiada en 113 pacientes utilizando el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Los factores de pronóstico analizados fueron: histologia, grado tumoral, crecimiento extratiroideo, extension ganglionar, metastasis distantes en el momento del diagnóstico, contenido nuclear de DNA, edad en el momento del diagnóstico, y sexo. El contenido nuclear de DNA fue determinado en tumores primarios mediante citometn'a de flujo. El tratamiento estandar fue la tiroidectomía total y la ablación postoperatoria con131I. Los resultados muestran que el contenido nuclear de DNA se correlaciona en forma significativa con el tipo histológico y en el cancer papilar también con el grado tumoral. La presencia de metastasis distantes en el momento del diagnóstico es, muy ampliamente, el más importante factor de pronóstico. En el grupo de pacientes libre de metastasis distantes (n=91), la multiploidia (i.e., presencia de 2 o más lineas primitivas aberrantes) aparece como el único factor de significatión en cuanto a supervivencia global. Respecto a supervivencia libre de enfermedad la multiploidia aparece como segundo factor, después de la edad. En el grupo de pacientes con metástasis distantes (n=22) todos los 6 pacientes con tumores multiploides murieron, en comparación con 8 (50%) de 16 de aquellos con tumores con cualquier otro tipo de ploidia. Sinembargo, el pequeno número que constituye este grupo impide derivar resultados de signification. El presente estudio demuestra que el contenido nuclear de DNA es un factor pronóstico en pacientes con cancer tiroideo papilar y folicular libres de metastasis distantes.
    Notes: Abstract The relative importance of prognostic factors in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer was studied in 113 patients using Cox's proportional hazards model. Prognostic factors studied were: histology, tumor grade, extrathyroidal growth, nodal involvement, distant métastases at diagnosis, nuclear DNA content, age at diagnosis, and sex. Nuclear DNA content was measured in primary tumors by flow cytometry. Total thyroidectomy and postoperative131I ablation was the standard treatment. The results showed that nuclear DNA content correlated significantly with histologic type and, in papillary cancer, also with tumor grade. The presence of distant metastases at diagnosis was, by far, the most important prognostic factor. In the patient group without distant metastases (n=91), multiploidy (i.e., presence of 2 or more aberrant stemlines) was the only significant prognostic factor for overall survival. With respect to diseasefree survival, multiploidy was second only to the age factor. In the patient group with distant métastases (n=22), all 6 patients with multiploid tumors died compared to 8 (50%) of 16 of those with other ploidy tumors. However, the small number in this group precluded significant results. The present study demonstrates that nuclear DNA content is a prognostic factor in those patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer without distant metastases at diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Pancreas transplantation, HLA matching, blood group ; HLA matching, pancreas transplantation, blood group ; Blood group, HLA matching, pancreas transplantation ; UW solution, pancreas transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pancreas graft survival is influenced by various donor and recipient factors. Factors that have posed serious problems to pancreas transplantation have included the limited cold ischemia time, early graft thrombosis, and rejection. A limited cold ischemia time not only causes problems in terms of logistics but also implies limitations with regard to HLA matching and organ exchange. Between August 1988 and August 1989 we performed a prospective, nonrandomized European multicenter study to evaluate the effect of University of Wisconsin (UW) solution on pancreas graft survival. In addition, donor and recipient factors were collected and their influence on graft survival analyzed. Overall pancreas graft survival at 1 and 4 years was 67% and 59%, respectively (n=62). When only simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants were included, the graft survival was 70% and 63% at 1 and 4 years, respectively. The incidence of pancreas graft thrombosis was 8%. Cold ischemia time was not found to significantly influence pancreas graft survival even when it exceeded 12h. Factors that did were HLA-DR matching, simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation versus pancreas transplantation alone, and ABO blood group matching. We feel that the use of UW solution for pancreas preservation has contributed to improved pancreas graft survival and has reduced early graft thrombosis despite much longer cold ischemia times of over 12 h. Given this and the significant effect of HLA and blood group matching, we conclude that more attention should be paid to preoperative matching and organ exchange in order to further improve pancreas graft survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 7 (1982), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental studies have been made of the lesion detectability in myocardial perfusion studies using thallium-201. A series of images (AP-view) was generated using a convolution of a mathematical model of the left ventricular myocardium and an experimentally determined point spread function. Background was added. Images were simulated with 100k, 200k, and 300k counts for the complete image. Each image contained a lesion with either 0% or 50% of the normal tracer concentration. All images were interpreted by five experienced observers, independently of each other. Their interpretations were analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test. The true positive fraction (TPF) was hardly affected by changes in count density. The TPF decreased significantly if the lesion tracer concentration changed from 0% to 50% of the normal myocardial tracer concentration. The decrease was independent of the count density. The false positive fraction (FPF) decreased significantly if the count density increased; no difference in FPF was found for a change in lesion tracer concentration. In addition, plots were generated with the TPF and the FPF versus lesion location and of the TPF versus lesion volume. The TPF was lowest for locations far from the camera; FPF was high for these segments. Increase of the count density mainly improved the FPF in these segments. Small lesion were more difficult to detect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 15 (1987), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: Multiple regression analysis ; simultaneous curve-fitting ; amoxycillin ; erythromycin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical approach to calculate rate constants of the distribution of antibiotics between plasma and tissue is described. The calculations are based on the assumption that the drug moves between plasma and tissue passively according to the law of diffusion. Corrections can be made for binding to tissue and to plasma proteins. Two mathematical procedures are compared, one based on multiple regression analysis of areas under the curves of the plasma and tissue concentrations and the other on simultaneous curvefitting to plasma and tissue concentration curves. The method is illustrated for amoxycillin and erythromycin in murine thigh muscle. The half-life of distribution to this tissue is less than 2 min for amoxycillin and about 10 min for erythromycin, and the ratio between the free extracellular tissue concentration and the total tissue content is 4.25 for the former and 0.35 for the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 69 (1996), S. 243-256 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Mycobacterium ; transformation ; plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The study of mycobacterial genetics has experienced quick technical developments in the past ten years, despite a relatively slow start, caused by difficulties in accessing these recalcitrant species. The study of mycobacterial pathogenesis is important in the development of new ways of treating tuberculosis and leprosy, now that the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has reduced the effectiveness of current therapies. The tuberculosis vaccine strain M. bovis BCG might be used as a vector for multivalent vaccination. Also, non-pathogenic mycobacterial strains have many possible biotechnological applications. After giving a historical overview of methods and techniques, we will discuss recent developments in the search for alternative host strains and DNA transfer systems. Special attention will be given to the development of vectors and techniques for stabilizing foreign DNA in mycobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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