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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical markers of nutrition in osteoporosis (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Nutrition ; Biochemical markers ; Crush fracture syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Thirty-six women with vertebral osteoporosis showed significantly decreased levels of biochemical markers of nutrition, transferrin (P〈0.001), prealbumin (P〈0.001), retinol binding-protein (P〈0.001), and fibronectin (P〈0.001), compared with 40 healthy women of similar age. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant (R2=0.509; P=0.0068) correlation between bone mineral content and biochemical markers of nutrition in the osteoporotic patients but not in the control group. These data suggest that postmenopausal osteoporosis may be associated with a nutritional deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296660
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Mass and Growth in Developing Rats: A Morphometric, Densitometric, and Histomorphometric Study (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 533 -537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Electromagnetic fields — Bone densitometry — Bone histomorphometry — Bone growth — Female rats.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of electromagnetic fields on bone is debated. In an experimental study of this effect, we compared two lots of growing female rates (both lots n = 15, age 3 weeks, average weight 23.2 ± 3.3 g), one of which was exposed to a 3-mT, 100-Hz, Helmholtz-type electromagnetic field for 24 hours a day for 30 days, and the other of which served as the control. Bone development and bone mass were evaluated by morphometry, densitometry, and histomorphometry. The rats were killed at 30 days and weighed. The right femurs were dissected, measured, and weighed; bone densitometry was used to determine femoral bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and histomorphometry of the nondecalcified bone was used to determine trabecular bone volume (Cn-BV-TV%), number (Tb-N mm) and thickness (Tb-Th μm), intertrabecular space (Tb-Sp μm) and growth cartilage thickness (Gc-Th μm). In the rats exposed to the electromagnetic field, BMC and BMD (P= 0.019 and P= 0.002, respectively) and Cn-BV-TV, Tb-N, Tb-Th (P= 0.005, P= 0.036, and P= 0.027, respectively) all were decreased, whereas Tb-Sp was increased (P= 0.002). There were no significant differences in initial and final body weight, or in final femur weight, femur length, and GC-Th. These findings indicate that electromagnetic fields of the type used here reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption without affecting bone development in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900276
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total Body Bone Measurements in Spinal Osteoporosis by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 44 -47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Total body bone mineral content — T-score — Total body calcium — Vertebral fracture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in total body bone mineral content (BMCTB) and density (BMDTB), and the T-score of BMCTB and (BMDTB) were evaluated in relation to the number of vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis for the purpose of defining deviations in these parameters that could be predictive of the occurrence of vertebral fracture. The study group consisted of 62 women diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis. All of them had two or more spinal fractures. Regression analysis of the number of fractures against each parameter studied indicated that the following were predictive of the risk of fracture: a reduction of −0.5 in the T-score of both BMCTB and BMDTB (P 〈 0.0001) and a loss of about 135 g of BMCTB or 0.058 g/cm2 of BMDTB (P 〈 0.0001). The fact that such changes were found during the follow-up of women with osteoporosis highlights the importance of bone mass measurements during follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900292
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Alprazolam Supplementation on Vertebral and Femoral Bone Mass in Rats on Strenuous Treadmill Training Exercise (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone loss — Bone absorptiometry — Alprazolam — High performance athletes — Stress-related alterations.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The ability of alprazolam to diminish cortisol response and favor ovarian function could make it useful in the prevention of osteopenia in athletes in selected cases. A sample of 45 female Wistar rats, all 93 days old and with a mean initial weight of 267 ± 17 g, were studied. Rats were exposed to a high-performance level of exercise and were divided into two groups—one group received an alprazolam supplement and one did not—and compared with controls to determine the effect of alprazolam on bone mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DKA). Exercise consisted of treadmill running on 5 out of 7 days during a period of 11 weeks. A steep grade treadmill inclination was used to stimulate high-intensity muscle activity. Final inclination was 17.5° and treadmill speed was 45 cm/second. Upon completion of the experiment, all the rats were killed and the femur and 5th lumbar vertebra were dissected and cleaned. Length, weight, bone mineral content (BMC), and density (BMD) of the whole right femur and 5th lumbar vertebra were measured. In the exercise only group (no alprazolam), the length, weight, BMC, BMD, and femur BMC/final rat weight ratio of the femur, and the vertebral weight, vertebral BMD and BMC, and vertebral BMC/final rat weight ratio were lower than in the control and the exercise-alprazolam groups (P 〈 0.0167 – 〈 0.0001). Alprazolam preserves bone mass in rats exposed to intense exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900672
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone changes in postmenopausal Spanish women (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Menopause ; Bone mass ; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ; Postmenopausal bone loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Total body bone mass (TBBM), axial bone mass (trunk=chest and spine), and peripheral bone mass (arms and legs) were determined in 258 normal, slow bone mass loser, postmenopausal women, as determined by previous biochemical studies, in order to study the degree of bone mass reduction due to menopause. The subjects of this study were divided into 5-year groups on a year-since-menopause basis. The first group corresponded to 1–5 years since menopause, and the last group to 25 years or over since menopause. An important and significant reduction in trunk bone mass (-12.3%, P〈0.001) and TBBD (-5.8%, P〈0.002), without changes in head, arms, and legs was observed in the first 5-year group. In the next 5-year group, a significant reduction was observed in all body areas, but at a higher rate in the peripheral skeleton (-9% in arms and -7.3% in legs). A slow down in bone mass loss was observed in the period between 10 and 25 years since menopause. These values became significant again after 25 years since menopause at the axial (-28.9%, P〈0.001) and TBBD (-20.3%, P〈0.05) level. Aside from providing percentages of bone mass reduction with respect to age and time since menopause, these data also indicate that measurements of specific body areas may not be extrapolated to others due to different loss in different body areas, and that there is a marked bone loss rate in the axial skeleton in the first 5 years since menopause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Lead on Bone Development and Bone Mass: A Morphometric, Densitometric, and Histomorphometric Study in Growing Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 200 -203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Lead — Rats — Bone densitometry — Bone growth — Lead toxicity — Bone histomorphometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The effect of exposure to lead on the longitudinal development of bone and on bone mass was studied in rats. A group of 35, 50-day-old female Wistar rats was divided into a control group of 15 rats and an experimental group of 20 rats fed a diet supplemented with 17 mg of lead acetate per kg feed for 50 days. Total body bone densitometry (TBBMC) was performed the day before ending the 50-day experiment. On day 50, all rats were killed and their right femur and 5th lumbar vertebra were dissected. The bones were cleaned of soft tissue and femoral length and vertebral length were measured with a caliper and all bones were weighed on a precision scale. Final body weight (P 〈 0.05), TBBMC (P 〈 0.005), and femur weight (P 〈 0.005) were significantly lower in the control group. Femur length did not differ between groups, but the length of the 5th lumbar vertebra was greater in the control group (P 〈 0.05). Histomorphometry of the femur showed that Cn-BV/TV, Tb-N, Tb-Th were lower (P 〈 0.05 in all) and Tb-Sp was higher (P 〈 0.05) in the group given the lead-supplemented diet. These findings suggested lead-induced inhibition of axial bone development and a histomorphometric decrease in bone mass, produced mainly by enhanced resorption, and a densitometric increase in bone mass, produced by lead accumulation in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Body Mass Index on the Age-related Slope of Total and Regional Bone Mineral Content (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 134 -138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Body mass index — Total and regional bone mineral content — T score — Gonadal status.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The influence of body mass index (BMI) on T scores for total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and regional bone mineral content (RBMC) was studied in 186 healthy women: 100 postmenopausal, 35 perimenopausal, and 51 premenopausal. The three groups were divided by BMI 〉25 kg/m2 and BMI 〈25 kg/m2 and the postmenopausal women were further subdivided by years since menopause (YSM): 〈10, 10–20, and 〉20. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) concentration was higher in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with BMI 〈25 kg/m2 (P 〈 0.001). T scores for TBBMC and for axial or peripheral RBMC differed (P 〈 0.05 in all) between women with BMI 〉25 kg/m2 and BMI 〈25 kg/m2. The rate of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age-related slope of BMC, as reflected in all measurements, differed with BMI. In the overall group of women, the T score for TBBMC correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.46, P 〈 0.0001); this correlation increased when adjusted for age (r = 0.62, P 〈 0.0001). BMI correlated with TRAP only in postmenopausal women (r = 0.57, P 〈 0.0001). Yearly TBBMC decline was twice as high in postmenopausal women with BMI 〈25 kg/m2 (P= 0.0004) than in those with BMI 〉25 kg/m2; the decline of trunk RBMC was more significant (P 〈 0.0001). These findings confirm the influence of BMI and gonadal status on bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Three Bone Densitometry Methods in Osteoporotic Women (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 358-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral content — Ultrasound bone velocity — Quantitative computed tomography — Diagnosis of osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Three techniques of bone mass measurement were evaluated in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis; the overlap in the measurements and the capacity for discriminating was determined among 51 postmenopausal normal (mean age 66.6 ± 8.4 years) and 42 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (mean age 68.5 ± 7.5 years). All bone mass was evaluated by total body bone mineral content (BMCTB), density (BMDTB), ultrasound bone velocity (UBV) in proximal phalanxes 2–5 of the nondominant hand (UBV = mean value of all ultrasound measurements), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the nondominant forearm (pQCT). BMCTB was found to be significantly better (P 〈 0.0001) for diagnosing postmenopausal osteoporosis than the other methods; both cortical and trabecular pQCT measurements were more discriminating than the corresponding UBV measurements (P 〈 0.001). T-score values in normals, subjects versus osteoporotic ones were BMCTB−1.15 ± 0.79 versus −3.17 ± 0.74; BMDTB−1.01 ± 0.97 versus −3.28 ± 0.81; UBV −1.51 ± 1.02 versus −2.34 ± 1.21; trabecular-pQCT −0.40 ± 0.72 versus −1.57 ± 0.37; cortical-pQCT −1.00 ± 0.87 versus −2.67 ± 0.53; and total-pQCT −0.65 ± 1.01 versus −2.34 ± 0.27, respectively. The overlap in values between the postmenopausal normal and postmenopausal osteoporotic groups was 50% with UBV, 6% with BMCTB, 9% with BMDTB, 25% with cortical pQCT, and 42% with trabecular pQCT. BMCTB, BMDTB, UBV, and pQCT correlated well with each other as measurements of bone mass, but BMCTB was more discriminating than the other measurements in the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900348
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex differences in the acquisition of total bone mineral mass peak assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 251-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mass peak ; Bone densitometry ; Sex differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry evaluation of total body bone mineral content (TBBM), total bone mineral density (TBMD), and regional bone mineral content (BMC) (head, trunk, arms, and legs) was carried out in order to assess sex differences of bone in 120 women and 121 men aged 15–29 years. Subjects from both sexes were divided into 5-year groups (15 through 19, 20 through 24, and 25 through 29 years old, respectively). Significantly higher values for TBBM, TBMD, and regional BMC were observed in males compared with females in the 20 to 24 and 25 to 29-year-old groups (P〈0.001), but not in the group aged 15–19. After adjusting TBBM for lean body mass (LBM), we observed significantly lower values of TBBM/LBM in the males compared with females in all the age groups. A positive and significant correlation was observed between TBBM and age in the males of all the groups (r=0.624, P〈0.001), but not in the females. These data suggest that total bone mass peak acquisition takes place earlier in women than in men, leading to more reduced bone mass value, which in turn may be an osteoporosis predisposing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334483
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total and regional bone mineral content and fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with salmon calcitonin: A prospective study (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Postmenopausal osteoporosis ; Total and regional bone mass ; Calcitonin therapy ; Bone radiogrammetry ; Fracture rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-two postmenopausal osteoporotic women having more than one nontraumatic vertebral crush fracture were studied. Thirty-six of them, aged 68.8±1.2 years (18±4 YSM-years since menopause), were treated with 100 IU/day of salmon calcitonin i.m. plus 500 mg of elemental calcium for 10 days each month. The remaining 36 patients, aged 69.6±1.4 years (19±3 YSM), were given only 500 mg of elemental calcium for 10 days each month. All patients underwent clinical and analytical evaluation every 3 months. Radiological evaluation, assessment of vertebral deformities, and metacarpal radiogrammetry were done every 6 months. Densitometric measurements of total and regional bone mass were made every 12 months. At 24 months, the calcitonin group showed a 60% reduction in the number of new fractures and the group receiving only calcium had a 45% increase (P〈0.001). The incidence of vertebral fractures was 0.07 per patient-year in the group treated with calcitonin and 0.45 per patient-year in the group treated with calcium (P〈0.001). At 2 years, the calcitonin group showed a 12% increase in cortical bone mass on metacarpal radiogrammetry, a 16% increase in the axial skeleton on trunk densitometry, a 3.5% increase in total body bone mineral content, a 30.7% increase in pelvic bone mineral content, and a 6.2% increase in arm bone mineral content (all P〈0.001). In the group treated with calcium alone there was a loss of bone mass in every region. These findings suggest that salmon calcitonin is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis and show that it acts on cortical and trabecular bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298606
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