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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tough thermoplastic polyesters by reactive extrusion with epoxy-containing copolymersPaper presented at the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Polymer Processing Society at Nice, April 17-20, 1991. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 196 (1992), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Les polyesters thermoplastiques (PBT et PET) sont des polymères fragiles avec une résistance au choc entaillée faible. Leur renforcement peut être obtenu par extrusion réactive avec dirrérents types de copolymères élastomères de l'éthylène, contenant des fonctons à réactivité potentielle avec extrémités de chaîne acide et hydroxyle des polyesters.Deux types de copolymères ont été étudiés: Ethylène(acrylate d'éthyle/méthacrylate de glycidyle (E/EA/GMA), et éthylène/acrylate d'éthyle/anhydride maléique (E/EA/MAH). Les alliages ont été obtenu par malaxage de 10 à 25% de coppolymères avec du PBT.Le PBT présente une transition fragile, ductile lorsqu'on passe de 10 à 20% de particules dispersées de copolymère au GMA. Les gains les plus importants en résistance au choc sont obtenus en réticulant partiellement la phase dispersée, par association de copolymères en GMA et de copolymères avec MAH et catalyseur de réaction.
    Notes: Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are brittle polymers with poor notched impact strength. Their toughening can be achieved by melt blending with different types of rubbery ethylene copolymers containing functions having potential reactivity with the hydroxy and carboxy end groups in polyesters.Two types of ethylene copolymers were investigated: ethylene/ethyle acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E/EA/GMA) and ethylene/ethyl acrylate/maleic anhydride (E/EA/MAH) copolymers. The blends were obtained by reactive extrusion of PBT with 10 to 25% of copolymers.PBT blends undergo a brittle to ductile transition by toughening with GMA copolymer between 10 and 20% of rubbery phase. The most effective toughening could be achieved by a partial crosslinking of the rubbery particles obtained by associating GMA and MAH copolymers and a reaction catalyst.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051960107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence de la masse moléculaire, de la polydispersité et de la température sur les phénomènes de solvatation préférentielle de polystyrènes linéaires dans différents mélanges de solvant (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 172 (1973), S. 169-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper describes the study of preferential adsorption of polystyrene in a solvent mixture as a function of different parameters. In the first place the influence of the density of intramolecular segments (the effect of the molecular weight and the polydispersity of the polymer) on this phenomenon was examined. The effect of the temperature on the solvation coefficient was also considered. Certain experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the thermodynamic theories of preferential adsorption. The lack of the knowledge concerning the variation of the thermodynamic interaction parameters, with the density of intramolecular segments and the temperature, did not permit a rigorous quantitative study.
    Notes: Dans cet article nous présentons les résultats d'une étude de l'adsorption préférentielle du polystyrène en mélange de solvants en fonction de différents paramètres. En premier lieu, nous avons examiné l'influence de la densité en segments intramoléculaire (effet de la masse moléculaire et de la polydispersité du polymère) sur ce phénomène. L'effet de la température sur le coefficient de solvatation a également été considéré. Pour certains de nos résultats expérimentaux, il existe un bon accord avec les théories thermodynamiques de l'adsorption préférentielle, cependant le manque de connaissances relatives à la variation avec la densité en segments intramoléculaires et la température, des paramètres d'interaction thermodynamiques, ne permet pas une étude quantitative rigoureuse.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021720116
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comportement de polystyrènes ramifiés en étoile et en peigne dans quelques mélanges de solvants. Influence du degré de ramification sur l'adsorption préférentielle (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 172 (1973), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The preferential adsorption coefficient of a polymer in dilute solution of a mixture of solvents is a function of the mean density of intramolecular segments. This effect, already shown in the case of linear polystyrenes in binary solvents, was observed with branched polystyrenes of star and comb structure, which may attain important local densities in a benzene/methanol mixture. A relation of the type: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \lambda = \lambda _\infty + a\langle v_3 \rangle + b\langle v_3 \rangle ^2 $$\end{document} (〈v3〉 being the mean intramolecular volume fraction of the polymer), established by means of thermodynamic theories of solvation equilibrium, permits to explain the experimental results.A comparative study of adsorption coefficients of branched polystyrene and linear polystyrene of the same molecular weight, made it possible, in certain particular cases, to determine the structural parameter g of branched polystyrene.
    Notes: Le coefficient d'adsorption préférentielle en solution diluée d'un polymère en mélange de solvants, est une fonction de la densité moyenne en segments intramoléculaire. Cet effet, déjà mis en évidence pour des polystyrènes linéaires en solvants binaires, a été observé pour des polystyrènes ramifiés à structure en étoile et en peigne, pouvant atteindre des densités locales importantes, dans le mélange benzène/méthanol. Une relation du type: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \lambda = \lambda _\infty + a\langle v_3 \rangle + b\langle v_3 \rangle ^2 $$\end{document}(〈v3〉 étant la fraction en volume moyenne intramoléculaire du polymère), établie à partir des théories thermodynamiques de l'équilibre de solvatation, permet de rendre compte des résultats expérimentaux.Une étude comparative des coefficients d'adsorption de polystyrènes ramifiés et des polystyrènes linéaires de měme masse moléculaire, a permis dans certains cas particuliers, de déterminer le paramètre de structure g du polystyrène ramifié.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021720117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Étude des systèmes ternaires polymère/mélange de solvants en équilibre thermodynamique avec le solvant binaire correspondant (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2149-2169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermodynamic equilibrium between a ternary solution of a polymer in a solvent mixture and the corresponding binary solvent has been established by means of dialysis of the ternary solution against its solvent mixture. Preferential solvation of the polymer by one of the solvents produces variations in the composition of the solvent mixture on both sides of the membrane and has been determined from results of differential refractometry and density measurements on dilute and also moderately concentrated polymer solutions. Several ternary systems have been studied to show the advantages of such methods for investigation of preferential solvation and the results have been discussed according to recent theories.
    Notes: Nous avons obtenu l'équilibre thermodynamique entre les solutions ternaires de polymères en mélanges de solvants et les solvants binaires, en réalisant une dialyse de la solution ternaire par rapport au mélange de solvants. La solvatation préférentielle du polymère par un des deux solvants, qui se manifeste par des variations de composition du solvant binaire de part et d'autre de la membrane imperméable aux macromolécules, a été mise en évidence par réfractométrie différentielle et par mesures de densités, pour des solutions diluées et modéremment concentrées en polymère. Nous avons étudié un certain nombre de systèmes, ce qui nous a permis de discuter des avantages de ces moyens d'étude et de confronter les résultats aux prévisions théoriques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750719
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude de la structure ramifiée du polyéthylène basse densité par viscosité et diffusion de la lumière de fractions issues de la chromatographie d'exclusion gpc (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fractions of high density polyethylene (PEhd) and low density polyethylene (PEld) obtained from gel permeation chromatography were studied by viscometry and light scattering. The variations of the intrinsic viscosity [η], the molecular weight M̄w, and the radius of gyration Rg for PEhd and PEld were compared with one another and the relationships [η] vs M and Rg vs. M for PEhd were established. The dependence of structural parameters g = (Rg2)branch/(Rg2)linear and g′ = [η]branch/[η]linear on the molecular weight was determined for three samples of PEld.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of polydisperse polyethylene fractionated according to pennings' method (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the molten state and the semi-crystalline state of polydisperse polyethylene are interrelated. Large polydisperse fractions obtained according to Pennings' fractionation method were studied by small angle X-ray scattering and differential thermal analysis; the long period, depending on the molecular weight distribution, is shown to be given by the weight average end-to-end distance of the coils; the long chains with molecular weights M 〉 105 behave as a series of “sub-chains” with molecular weight M* = 105 which crystallize independently. The same result is found for fractions with narrow molecular weight distribution and for mixtures of polyethylene fractions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840122
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic equilibrium of polystyrene networks in solvent mixturesThis work has been presented at the 14th Prague Microsymposium on Macromolecules, August 26-29, 1974. (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 1849-1873 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über Messungen der Vorzugssolvatation und Quellung von Polystyrol-Gelen in Lösungsmittel-Gemischen berichtet und ein Vergleich zwischen den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit und den für entsprechende Polystyrol-Lösungen erhaltenen Ergebnissen gezogen. Die Daten können sowohl auf der Basis der Theorie des thermodynamischen Gleichgewichts als auch der Theorie der Gel-Elastizität interpretiert werden.
    Notes: Measurements of preferential solvation and swelling of polystyrene networks in solvent mixtures are reported. A comparison has been drawn between the results of this study and the results obtained for corresponding polystyrene solutions and it has been shown how such data can be interpreted on the basis of both thermodynamic equilibrium theory and gel elasticity theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021760624
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of polyethylene produced at high pressure by simultaneous ionic and radical mechanisms (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 179 (1978), S. 1581-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene samples of intermediate density were prepared by high-pressure polymerization with some Ziegler catalysts derived from titanium tetrachloride. These polymers were studied by characterization techniques (fractionation, gel permeation chromatography, viscometry, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry) and three types of macromolecules were identified.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1978.021790617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthèse et caractérisation de polystyrènes en étoile à trois branches (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1972), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die elektrophile Desaktivierungsreaktion eines „lebenden“ monocarbanionischen Polystyrols mit Tris(allyloxy)1.3.5-triazin führt zur Bildung sternförmiger Polymerer, in welchen drei Polystyrolketten mit den drei C-Atomen des Triazinrings verbunden sind. Die molekularen Eigenschaften dieser Polymeren werden durch osmometrische, viscosimetrische und Lichtstreuungs-Messungen sowie durch Gel-Chromatographie charakterisiert. Daraus geht eindeutig hervor, daß bei dieser Reaktion wohldefinierte Modell-Polymere mit sehr enger Molekulargewichtsverteilung erhalten werden. Die hydrodynamischen Eigenschaften dieser Stern-Polymeren werden mit den theoretischen Voraussagen verglichen.
    Notes: La réaction de désactivation électrophile d'un polystyrène «vivant» monocarbanionique sur le tris(allyloxy)1.3.5-triazine, conduit à la formation de molécules en étoile à trois branches dans lesquelles les branches sont liées aux trois atomes de carbone d'un hétérocycle triazine. La détermination des caractéristiques moléculaires de ces polymères par osmométrie, diffusion de la lumière, viscosimétrie et par chromatographie sur gel (GPC), montre que des molécules-modèle de structure bien définie et de très faible polydispersité ont été obtenues. Les propriétés hydrodynamiques de ces polystyrènes en étoile sont étudiées et comparées aux prévisions théoriques.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1972.021600116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive olefinic copolymersPaper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Processing Society at Montreal, April 1-4, 1986. New developments and applications (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 154 (1987), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen bei CdF Chimie auf dem Gebiet olefinischer Copolymere führten seit 1984 zur Entwicklung einer ganzen Familie von Ethylen-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Acrylester-Terpolymeren. Diese Terpolymeren decken, je nach Comonomergehalt, den Bereich von halbkristallinen Thermoplasten bis hin zu Elastomeren ab.Daher haben diese Produkte in verschiedenen Bereichen, wie z. P. der Coextrusion, Laminierung, Zähigkeitsverbesserung von Blends, Schmelzmassen, Pulverbeschichtungen usw., Anwendung gefunden.In einigen Anwendungsbereichen werden durch die chemische Reaktivität des Maleinsäureanhydrids mit den Schichtträgern in der Coextrusion von Beschichtungen und mit den Polymermatrices in Blends hervorragende Eigenschaften erzielt. Die chemische Vernetzung, welche mit Terpolymeren leicht auszuführen ist, ist ein Weg, die mechanischen Eigenschaften in Drähten, Kabeln, Rohren, Schmelzmassen, usw. beihohen Temperaturen zu verbessern.
    Notes: Research work on reactive olefinic copolymers at CdF Chimie, has been followed since 1984 by the commercial development of a family of ethylene-maleic acid anhydride (MAA) and acrylic ester terpolymers. These terpolymers cover a wide range of grades going from semi-crystalline thermoplastics to elastomers, depending on comonomer content.Thus these products have found applications in various fields (coextrusion, lamination, toughening of blends, hot-melts, powder coating etc.).Outstanding properties are obtained in several applications owing to the chemical reactivity of MAA with substrates in coextrusion and coating and with polymer matrices in blends. Chemical crosslinking, easy to perform with terpolymers, is a way to improve the high temperature mechanical properties (in wires and cables, pipes, hot-melts etc.).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051540108
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