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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Paediatric ; Cardiac ; Pulmonary ; Transplantation ; Intensive care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the intensive care management of 23 children (age 3–15 years) following orthotopic heart (HT) and combined heart and lung transplantation (HLT) performed at our 2 institutes between February 1985 and August 1989. Cyclosporin A, azathioprine and steroids were given as routine immunosuppression, whilst anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was used for the first 3 post-operative days. Mean ventilation time was 24.6 h (range 4–74 h). Cardiovascular support comprised isoprenaline infusions in all patients (mean period 65.7 h) whilst dopamine and other inotropic agents were used less frequently. Sequential atrioventricular pacing was required more often in the HT patients (n=9) than in the HLT patients (n=4). Fluid input was restricted to maintain a plasma osmolality of 290–300 mosm/kg. There were 2 perioperative deaths both due to acute right heart failure. Other post-operative complications included: bleeding (n=3); acute graft rejection (n=4); infection (n=3); systemic hypertension (n=6); neurological abnormalities (n=2); renal dysfunction (n=6) and hyperglycaemia (n=6).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart transplant recipients ; right-heart catheterisation ; graded submaximal exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is known that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is synthesized, stored and released from the myocytes of mammalian heart, but the role of cardiac autonomic nerves in triggering the release of ANP has not been fully assessed. We have therefore measured plasma ANP concentrations in the right atrium and the main pulmonary artery, together with pulmonary haemodynamics in 10 heart transplant (HT) recipients who underwent graded submaximal bicycle exercise during right-heart catheterisation. Pulmonary arterial blood samples and haemodynamic measurements were obtained at rest, on peak of exercise, and after ten minutes of recovery. A radioreceptor of α-human ANP was used to measure ANP levels. Exercise significantly incresed ANP levels in both the right atrium from 24 pM (resting values) to 48.5 pM, and the main pulmonary artery from 27.1 pM (resting values) to 58.4 pM. We conclude that HT recipients still retain the ability to increase ANP release in response to graded submaximal dynamic exercise, and that the mechanisms underlying ANP release depend on other factors than the integrity of cardiac innervation in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Impedance cardiography ; in cardiac transplantation ; in cardiac transplantation-Cardiac output ; in cardiac transplantation, impedance-Thermodilution and cardiac impedance ; in cardiac transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-one patients were studied at rest and during exercise after heart transplantation to compare cardiac output measured by thermodilution and impedance cardiography. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer over a limited range of work load (25 and 50 watt) whilst metabolic gas exchange was recorded. One patient was studied at rest whilst his circulation was maintained by a Jarvik-7 artificial heart. The values of cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography corresponded closely with the flow rate from the artificial heart. There was also close agreement between the impedance and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output at rest and during exercise. Both measurements followed the changes in heart rate and oxygen consumption. Both thermodilution and impedance cardiography methods elicited good reproducibility of cardiac output measurements at rest and during exercise. These observations suggest that the noninvasive and continuous record of cardiac output obtained by impedance cardiography can be used for the postoperative monitoring of heart transplant recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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