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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural heterogeneity of the basement membrane in the rat proximal tubule (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 266 (1991), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Proximal tubule ; Hydraulic pressure ; Mechanical stress ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basement membrane of the rat proximal tubule was observed by transmission electron microscopy after the use of a cold dehydration technique. The basement membrane of the P1 segment is thick and possesses several structural specializations that are rare in other basement membranes; these include intraepithelial ridges, dense bars, and basement membrane vesicles. The intraepithelial ridges are found in the intercellular spaces between interdigitating processes of the proximal tubule cells. The ridges and the interdigitating processes run circumferentially around the tubule. The dense bars are frequently found in the intraepithelial ridges. They are especially prominent on the concave side of the tubular bends and to a lesser extent near sites where intracellular actin filaments anchor onto the basal cell membranes. The basement membrane vesicles are bounded by unit membranes; they are variable in both their electron density and their size. They are usually found in association with dense bars, and the grade of their accumulation is positively correlated with the development of the dense bars. These three specializations have no topographical relationship with the interstitial structures, such as fibrobalasts and collagen fibrils. The specializations are best developed on the concave side of tubular bends where the circumferential stresses caused by the intraluminal hydraulic pressure are presumably the largest; we therefore propose that they are an adaptation to, or a manifestation of, the increased wall stress in the proximal tubule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678706
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Architectural design, fiber-type composition, and innervation of the rat rectus abdominis muscle (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 500-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Rat ; Rectus abdominis ; Architectural design ; Innervation ; Histochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rectus abdominis muscle is architecturally compartmentalized by tendinous intersections and is supplied by multiple thoracic nerves. In this study, the rectus abdominis of the rat has been qualitatively and quantitatively examined with regard to muscle dimensions, fiber organization, fiber-type composition, and innervation. The muscle exhibits architectural heterogeneity and different patterns of innervation among its thoracic, epigastric, and hypogastric parts. The epigastric part, adherent to the rectus sheath via tendinous intersections, represents relatively simple design. It is formed by serially arranged compartments with shorter fibers, compared with the other parts. These compartments are segmentally supplied by thoracic nerves. The hypogastric part is more complex, forms an interdigitation of muscular slips, and has segmental distribution of thoracic nerves in mediolateral direction. The thoracic part much differs from the other parts. It has smaller cross-sectional areas, compartments composed of abundant nonspanning fibers with intrafascicular termination, and non-segmental distribution of thoracic nerves. In addition to these craniocaudal specializations among the three parts, the muscle exhibits mediolateral differences in fiber-type composition. Slow-twitch oxidative fibers are more densely distributed in the medial half region than the lateral, whereas fast-twitch glycolytic fibers follow an inverse pattern. The mediolateral differences in fiber-type composition as well as the craniocaudal specializations in architectural design and innervation imply regionally differentiated recruitments of the muscle in various behaviors.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092340406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional combination of tapering profiles and overlapping arrangements in nonspanning skeletal muscle fibers terminating intrafascicularly (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 602-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Rat ; Rectus abdominis muscle ; Nonspanning fibers ; Myomyonal junctions ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using digital image analysis and several anatomical methods, morphometric analysis of nonspanning fibers which had tapering profiles at their intrafascicular termination sites and represented overlapping arrangements within the fiber fascicles was performed in the rat rectus abdominis. Special emphasis was focused on dimensional relationships occurring between overlapping portions and tapering segments and sarcomere lengths in non- and overlapping portions. Nonspanning fibers were found to overlap each other for more than 40% of their length. In length, their overlapping portions generally corresponded to their tapering segments, which were also greater than 40% of the fiber length. In addition, despite the presence of overlapping linkages, nonspanning fibers maintained a fairly uniform length irrespective of their overlapping and non-overlapping portions. Overlapping linkages in fibers without tapering profiles have a larger cross-sectional area in the overlapping portion than in the non-overlapping one, resulting in a phenomenon which will cause different sarcomere lengths between the two portions during fiber stretching. The present results suggest that tapering profiles in the overlapping portion ensure uniform sarcomere lengths within nonspanning fibers, thereby providing mechanical stability in each fiber. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360403
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