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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 4 (1965), S. 400-403 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  To assess the potential prognostic significance of a range of molecular and morphological parameters in glioblastomas that can be applied in the setting of a routine diagnostic neuropathology laboratory.Methods and results:  A consecutive series of 107 adult glioblastomas were studied. Retinoblastoma and deleted-in-colon cancer (DCC) protein expression were assessed using immunocytochemistry and chromosome 10 loss by in-situ hybridization. Loss of retinoblastoma expression was associated with a worse outcome, which appeared to be independent of age. There was no significant association between chromosome 10 loss or DCC protein expression and survival. Survival was significantly increased in the 5% of patients whose tumours had focal morphological features suggesting oligodendroglial differentiation.Conclusions:  Glioblastomas containing areas of oligodendroglial differentiation or showing widespread immunocytochemical expression of retinoblastoma protein have a better prognosis than those without these features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einem stark basischen Anionenaustauschpapier in der Hydroxid- oder Carbonatform kann137Cs aus bestrahlten Uranlösungen auf einem Ringofen abgetrennt werden. Mit einem Oxalat-Hydroxid-Harzpapier läßt sich137Cs auch von bestrahltem Thorium auf einem Ringofen trennen. In beiden Fällen wird137Cs mit Wasser in die Ringzone gespült und durchγ-Strahlspektrometrie bestimmt. Die Methoden unterliegen Abweichungen von weniger als 2%.
    Abstract: Résumé Par l'emploi d'un papier échangeur d'anion sous forme hydroxyde ou carbonate, le césium 137 peut être séparé de solutions d'uranium irradié au four annulaire. On peut aussi séparer, au four annulaire, le césium 137 du thorium irradié, avec un papier résineux sous forme hydroxyde-oxalate. Dans chacun cas, le césium 137 est chassé vers la zone annulaire par de l'eau et déterminé par spectrométrieγ. Les méthodes peuvent fournir une précision meilleure que 2 pour cent.
    Notes: Summary By use of a strongly basic anion-exchange resin paper in the hydroxide or carbonate forms, caesium 137 can be separated from irradiated uranium solutions on a ring oven. A ring oven separation of caesium 137 from irradiated thorium can also be achieved by using an oxalate-hydroxide form resin paper. In each case the caesium 137 is washed to the ring zone with water and determined byγ-ray spectrometry. The coefficient of variation of the methods is less than 2 per cent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Motor neuron disease ; Amyotrophic lateral ; sclerosis ; Guam ; Neurofibrillary tangle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurofibrillary tangles are described in Guamanian and post-encephalitic forms of motor neuron disease (MND) but not in sporadic MND. We report the neuropathological findings in a 79-year-old man who died after a 1-year history of MND without extrapyramidal features or dementia. There was no family history of neurological disease and he had not visited Guam. The spinal cord showed loss of anterior horn cells, and skeletal muscle typical changes of denervation. The brain appeared macroscopically normal but histology revealed many neurofibrillary tangles, particularly in medial temporal lobe structures, insula, nucleus basalis, hippocampus, oculomotor nucleus, raphe nuclei and locus ceruleus. Neurofibrillary tangles were not seen in the primary motor cortex, which appeared histologically unremarkable. Occasional tangles were present in the substantia nigra and pontine nuclei. None were seen in the cerebellum, medulla or spinal cord. The tangles were argyrophilic, and, in sections stained with thioflavin-S, both the intracellular and the extracellular tangles fluoresced strongly under ultraviolet light. The intracellular neurofibrillary tangles reacted strongly with an antibody to tau protein, and only occasional tangles showed weak ubiquitin immunoreactivity. Scattered neuropil threads were present in the cortex in the areas of neurofibrillary tangle formation. No plaques were present in any part of the brain and no A4/β protein immunoreactivity was detected. Ultrastructural examination revealed Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary tangles composed of paired helical filaments. The present findings further extend the spectrum of diverse neurological disorders associated with neurofibrillary tangles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin ; dependent diabetes mellitus ; virus ; enterovirus ; myocarditis ; mumps virus ; Epstein-Barr virus ; cytomegalovirus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Techniques were developed to look for evidence of viral infection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy pancreatic tissues from patients who had died of recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. DNA extracted from 47 pancreases in which good DNA preservation was confirmed was analysed by a polymerase chain reaction for Epstein-Barr virus and by a nested polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus. Histological sections from 29 pancreases in which there was good RNA preservation were tested for the presence of enterovirus and Epstein-Barr virus using in situ hybridization techniques. Seventy-five pancreases were analysed immunohistochemically for the presence of mumps virus. None of these viruses could be detected in any of the diabetic pancreases studied. Control studies suggested that the techniques employed were as sensitive as culture done at the time of autopsy. Pancreas was available for study in 9 infants who had died of myocarditis; enterovirus was demonstrable in islets in 5 of these cases. An acute or persisting infection in the pancreas at the time of clinical onset of insulin-dependent diabetes by any of the 4 virus included in this study seems unlikely. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 53–61]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 10 (1976), S. 149-161 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: stainless steels ; oxidation mechanism ; chromium depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It is suggested that, during the oxidation of stainless steels, matter is conserved at the oxide-metal interface by the creation of a dynamic balance between the chromium diffusion fluxes in the alloy and in the oxide. It is shown that the rate of oxidation is insensitive to alloy composition so that a necessary consequence is that the rate-controlling process is always diffusion through the oxide. In addition, the interfacial concentration of chromium remains invariant with time at a value higher than that in thermodynamic equilibrium with the oxide. Some of the predictions made with regard to the depth and kinetics of growth of chromium-depleted zones within the alloy have been checked experimentally inoxidation tests in CO2 at 1123° K on a 20Cr-25Ni stainless steel containing a dispersion of TiN particles. It is concluded that the matter-conservation hypothesis is valid for this material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: stainless steels ; high-temperature oxidation ; chromium diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of 20%Cr-25%Ni stainless steels and a similar but stronger alloy containing a dispersion of titanium nitride particles has been studied over the temperature range 1023 to 1173°K. The dispersion-strengthened steel oxidized slightly more slowly than its dispersion-free counterpart at 1023°K, but above this temperature it was inferior in terms of gross weight gain. The parabolic growth kinetics of the chromic oxide layer in each alloy were similar, however, with an activation energy compatible with the rate-controlling step being chromium ion diffusion across the oxide. The evidence suggests that the role of the dispersed phase is to produce an oxide of finer grain size than that of the standard steel, which increases the rate of oxygen transport inward. The consequent formation of internal oxide increases the tendency for oxide rupture and spalling with subsequent enhanced local attack. This leads to the observed higher overall weight gains compared with the dispersion-free alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 14 (1980), S. 235-247 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: stainless steel ; high-temperature oxidation ; chromium depletion ; pitting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study of the localized pitting attack of 20% Cr/25%Ni stainless steel and a similar alloy containing a dispersion of titanium nitride particles has been made over the temperature range 1023 to 1173 K. Pitting is initiated when localized spoiling of the protective chromic oxide film occurs. Rapid oxidation of the chromium-depleted substrate then proceeds with the formation of an iron-rich oxide mound on the alloy surface and spinels containing nickel, chromium, and iron within the pit itself. A silica layer which, in general, remains on the alloy surface acts as a diffusion barrier during this stage of the reaction. With increasing depth of attack the local chromium concentration in the alloy at the base of the pit attains a critical value (∼16%) for a protective chromium oxide film to reform; the pitting attack then effectively ceases, although a a subsequent slow rate of growth continues through the protective film at the base. The observed maximum depth of pitting as a function of time is consistent with the parabolic variation predicted by the proposed mechanism. There is no significant difference in the kinetics of attack between the alloys examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 16 (1981), S. 327-338 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Stainless steel ; molten salt corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation tests in CO2 at 1123 K have been performed on samples of a 20%Cr-25%Ni-Nb-stabilized stainless steel contaminated by a mixture of sea salt. The test temperature is above the anticipated liquidus of the salt mixture but the quantity of the latter was limited and the oxidation reaction was not prevented. It is shown that the effect of the contaminant is to increase the formation of duplex oxides through spoiling of the protective chromia film. The effect is equally severe for all salt concentrations examined. Towards the upper end of the experimental range, however, the integrity of chromium-rich healing layers formed at the base of the duplex attack is reduced and the depth of internal oxidation increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: stainless steel ; high-temperature oxidation ; chromium depletion ; internal attack
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Oxidation tests have been performed at 1123°K in CO 2 on a 20 wt.% Cr-25 wt.% Ni stainless steel containing a dispersion of titanium nitride particles produced by prior nitriding. Two forms of internal attack are distinguished: inger-like, grain boundary penetrations of internally oxidized silicon and globular, discrete voids extending to greater depths within the alloy. The latter are the result of the dissociation of chromium-rich particles in the depleted zones formed near the specimen surface during the oxidation process. The kinetics of this globular attack are parabolic and are closely related to the growth of the depleted zone. The theoretical expectation of a linear relationship between the depth of attack and the thickness of the surface chromic oxide is confirmed. The effect of variation in the chromium and residual nitrogen contents on the depth of attack is discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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