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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chondromodulin-I maintains cardiac valvular function by preventing angiogenesis (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 1151-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The avascularity of cardiac valves is abrogated in several valvular heart diseases (VHDs). This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying valvular avascularity and its correlation with VHD. Chondromodulin-I, an antiangiogenic factor isolated from cartilage, is abundantly expressed in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1476
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cartilage-derived factor on DNA and protein synthesis in cultured rat calvariae (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cartilage-derived factor ; DNA ; Collagenase-digestible protein ; Noncollagen protein-Calvarial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cartilage-derived factor (CDF), a peptide closely related to the somatomedins, was studied for its effects on bone formation by examining the synthesis of DNA, collagen, and noncollagen protein in 24–96 h cultures of 21-day fetal rat calvariae. After 24 h of treatment, CDF at concentrations of 0.3–30 µg/ml caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the incorporation of3H-thymidine into DNA by 12–59%. The effect appeared and was maximal after 12 h, and was sustained for 96 h. CDF also increased the bone DNA content by 30–60%. After 24 h of treatment, CDF at 10–30 µg/ml had a small stimulatory effect on the incorporation of3H-proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP). The effect on the labeling of CDP and NCP was sustained for 96 h. Cortisol decreased the stimulatory effect of CDF on DNA labeling but cortisol and CDF had an additive effect on the incorporation of3H-proline into CDP. The CDF stimulatory effect on the labeling of DNA, CDP, and NCP was seen in both the periosteum and periosteum-free calvaria. These studies indicate that CDF stimulates bone DNA, collagen, and noncollagen protein synthesisin vitro and may be a local regulator of bone growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined effects of somatomedin-like growth factors with fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor in DNA synthesis in rabbit chondrocytes (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 76 (1987), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: cartilage-derived factor ; multiplication-stimulating activity ; fibroblast growth factor ; epidermal growth factor ; cell cycle traverse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The somatomedin-like growth factors cartilage-derived factor (CDF) and multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) stimulate DNA synthesis and proliferation of rabbit costal chondrocytes under serum-free conditions. Previously, we suggeted that CDF and MSA act on chondrocytes in an early G1 phase to stimulate DNA synthesis. CDF and MSA have synergistic effects with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in stimulating DNA synthesis of the cells. The mode of combined action of CDF or MSA with EGF or FGF in chondrocytes was studied by sequential treatments with these agents. EGF or FGF had synergistic effects with CDF or MSA in stimulating DNA synthesis, even when added 10 h after the latter. Synergism was also observed in cells pretreated with CDF or MSA; That is, the cultures were treated for 5 h with CDF or MSA and then washed, and treated with FGF or EGF. However, when CDF or MSA was added more than 5 h after EGF or FGF, no synergism of effects was observed. These findings suggest that the cultured chondrocytes become activated to interact with FGF or EGF for commitment to DNA synthesis when they are exposed to somatomedin-like growth factors at an early stage in the G1 phase. Thus chondrocytes are under a different mechanism of growth control from fibroblastic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223483
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of Chondromodulin-I in the Human Intervertebral Discs with Special Reference to the Degenerative Changes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 32 (2000), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the matrix protein chondromodulin-I has been studied in human intervertebral discs of 101 people using immunohistochemical analyses. The purpose of this report is to present data on the metabolic changes that were found to occur in the chondrocytes of intervertebral discs during development and aging. Chondromodulin-I was highly expressed during the gestational period and gradually decreased after maturation. It was detected in both the extracellular matrix and chondrocytes in the zone of hypertrophic cartilage, the zone of proliferative cartilage and the zone of resting cartilage in fetal discs. It was also present in the annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus and end-plate cartilage in mature discs. In degenerative discs, chondromodulin-I immunoreactivity tended to be elevated in the remaining chondrocytes. Our findings suggest that the expression of the protein is developmentally regulated and upregulated through a defense mechanism against the degenerative processes of the aged intervertebral disc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004150211097
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-density culture of mouse Meckel's cartilage cells stimulates phenotypic conversion to osteocyte-like cells (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 14 (1996), S. 202-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5604
    Keywords: Meckel's cartilage ; chondrocyte ; calcification ; transdifferentiation ; osteocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the influence of cell density on the phenotypic conversion of Meckel's cartilage cells. The cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and plated at a density of 0.5 × 104 or 2 × 104 cells/penicylinder and cultured under 5% CO2 in air for up to 4 weeks. The cultures were analyzed histologically by electron microscopy, histochemistry, and immunostaining. At the early stage of high-density culture, metachromatic chondrocytes appeared concomitantly with cartilage-specific type II collagen synthesis. The cells gradually transformed from large polygonal cells to multilayered small round cells, and formed nodules. During the later stage of culture, the cells exhibiting alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, type I collagen, and osteocalcin as bone-type marker proteins consisted of spindle-shaped cells showing phenotypic conversion into osteocyte-like cells in the calcified nodules. In contrast, during low-density culture, most of the cells changed from fibroblastic cells to large flattened cells without cellular nodule formation, but these cells lacked chondrocytic features. Only solitary cells exhibited chondrocyte-specific features such as metachromasia, proteoglycan synthesis, and matrix calcification, but they did not undergo osteocytic transdifferentiation. These results indicate that well-organized nodule-forming cellular and extracellular components in high-density culture stimulate transdifferentiation into osteocyte-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01763820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 6 (1988), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5604
    Keywords: cartilage ; anti-tumor factor ; anti-angiogenesis ; growth inhibitor ; endothelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cartilage-derived anti-tumor factor (CATF) inhibits the proliferation and DNA synthesis of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells in culture (Takigawa, M.et al. Cell. Biol. Inn. Rep., 9, 619–625, 1985). In the present study, we partially purified CATF by monitoring inhibition of DNA synthesis in BPAE cells and tested the effects of the purified materials on the growth of solid tumors and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Crude CATF (CATF20–300k), the fraction of 20 k to 300 k daltons, separated by ultrafiltration was further separated into three fractions by ultrafiltration. The fraction of 100 k to 300 k daltons (CATF100–300k) caused slightly more inhibition than CATF20–300k of DNA synthesis in BPAE cells. On the other hand, the fraction of 20 k to 50 k daltons had only a slight effect, and the fraction of 50 k to 100 k had even less effect on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells. CATF100–300k caused slightly more inhibition than CATF20–300k of the growth of solid tumors of B16 melanoma, while the fraction of 20 k to 100 k daltons did not inhibit the growth of tumors at all. CATF100–300k also inhibited B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes (CAM), whereas the fraction of 20 k to 100 k daltons had little effect on the angiogenesis. CATF100–300k was further purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The main peak with activity on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells was eluted with 0.3 to 0.35 M NaCl at pH 8.0. The activity of this peak on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells was about 70 fold that of CATF100–300k. The purified CATF also inhibited the growth of B16 melanoma and B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in CAM. On the other hand, the inactive fraction on DNA synthesis in BPAE cells obtained by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography was also inactive in inhibiting the growth of B16 melanoma and B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in CAM. These findings strongly suggest that CATF is an anionic macromolecule(s) and has anti-angiogenic activity, thereby inhibiting the growth of solid tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375643
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan synthesis by morphologically transformed chondrocytes grown in the presence of fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 138 (1989), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the synthesis of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan by cultured rabbit chondrocytes were examined. Rabbit chondrocytes were seeded at low density and exposed to a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal bovine serum, 1% bovine serum albumin, 50μg/ml ascorbic acid, and 2 × 10-7 M hydrocortisone (Medium A). Various combinations of TGF-beta, insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-I), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were also added to Medium A, and the chondrocytes were grown to confluency. Chondrocytes grown with TGF-beta or FGF alone became flat or fibroblastic, those grown with FGF and TGF-beta became very elongated and formed distinct foci, and those grown with FGF and IGF-I showed the spherical configuration characteristic of overtly differentiated chondrocytes. Nevertheless, the incorporation of 3H With glucosamine into the large, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by cultures with FGF and TGF-beta was similar to that in cells grown with FGF and IGF-I and five times that in cells cultured with FGF alone. The increases in incorporation of 3H reflected real increases in proteoglycan synthesis, because chemical analyses showed an increase in the accumulation of macromolecules containing uronic acid in cultures with FGF and TGF-beta or with FGF and IGF-I. However, FGF in combination with either TGF-beta or IGF-I had little effect on the incorporation of 3H into small proteoglycans or hyaluronic acid. These results indicate that chondrocytes morphologically transformed with TGF-beta and FGF fully express the differentiated proteoglycan phenotype rather than the transformed glycosaminoglycan phenotype.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380216
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