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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, diagnosis ; Hepatobiliary imaging, technique ; Radionuclide angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diagnostic values of hyperperfusion to the gallbladder fossa and the rim sign were retrospectively evaluated in 24 histopathologically proven cases of gallbladder disease. Although 12 of 13 patients (92%) with acute cholecystitis had nonvisualization of the gallbladder, the positive predictive value with this finding was 71%. However, when the finding was associated with hyperperfusion to the gallbladder fossa or the rim sign, the positive predictive value with both (90%) was markedly increased compared to the prevalence ratio of 54%. Such a combination could be useful for preserving a high positive predictive value in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Regional cerebral blood flow ; Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated using Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT in 10 medicated patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy volunteers. There were no prefrontal regions in the patient group with lower regional indices than in the control group. However, in the left hippocampal region, relative blood flow was significantly increased in the patient group compared with the control group. Furthermore, there was a relative increase in blood flow in the left basal ganglia of the patient group. A negative correlation coefficient was calculated between the relative blood flow in the left middle prefrontal cortex and the severity of the blunted affect, as well as between the relative blood flow in the left basal ganglia and the severity of the anhedonia-asociality. These findings indicate that prefrontal hypoactivity is not invariably present in all schizophrenics and that left basal ganglial hyperactivity may be associated with the effects of antipsychotic treatment and clinical improvement. Moreover, the left hippocampal hyperactivity may correspond to left limbic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Brain scan ; Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ; N-Isopropyl ; (iodine 123)p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) ; Regional cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reproducibility of twoN-isopropyl-(iodine 123)p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans both taken during interictal periods was studied in 13 adult patients with partial epilepsy who had normal CT scans. The frequency of the seizures and the nature of the ictal symptoms were virtually unchanged during the interval between the two SPECT scans performed in each case. In 8 (72.7%) of 11 patients who had abnormal images consisting of focal hypofixation images of123I-IMP, i.e. zones of decreased regional cerebral blood flow on the first scans, complete or partial regional reproduction of the SPECT abnormalities was observed. This high reproducbility supports the usefulness of SPECT scans in the regional diagnosis of epileptic foci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: 99mTc-radiopharmaceutical ; Purity-control ; Miniaturized paper chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A single-strip miniaturized paper chromatographic method (Mini-PC) was developed using 80%–90% acetone solvent for rapid purity-control of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. Routine 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals (eight kinds of “kit” made agents) and diluted agents (in which radiochemical impurities might be formed) were analyzed by Mini-PC and other methods. This showed that, compared with the other methods, the Mini-PC technique is useful for the simple and rapid routine analysis of radiochemical impurities of “kit” made 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: 67Ga ; Inflammatory lesion ; Keratan polysulfate ; Oversulfated acid mucopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation of 67Ga in inflammatory lesions increased with time after injection of turpentine iol and reached a plateau 5 days later. At that time the uptake in the lesions was larger than any other tissue, after ten days the lesion uptake decreased. In experiments using rats which had been kept for 5 days after subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil, the accumulation of 67Ga in inflammatory lesions increased with time until six days after administration of 67Ga-citrate. It is clear from this study that 67Ga is avidly accumulated in areas where the subcutanous tissue is infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages, that it is not accumulated at the sites in which neutrophils are crowded, that nuclear material, mitochondria, lysosomes and microsomes do not play a major role in 67Ga accumulation in the lesion and that the main binding acid mucopolysaccharide in the lesion is acid mucopolysaccharide which is none of the following: keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin, or chondroitin sulfate A, B or C. It is presumed that the main 67Ga binding acid mucopolysaccharide is keratan polysulfate (or other oversulfated acid mucopolysaccharides).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thallium-201 ; Tumor ; Inflammatory lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation of 201Tl in tumor and inflammatory tissues were small. However, this nuclide showed a high concentration in viable tumor tissue, less in connective tissue (containing inflammatory tissues), and was not seen in necrotic tumor tissue regardless of the time after administration of 201Tl(I)-chloride. In inflammatory lesions, 201Tl accumulated in subcutaneous tissue infiltrated with neutrophils and macrophages, and quite large amounts of this nuclide were accumulated in subcutaneous tissue and sites where neutrophils were croeded. Most 201Tl existed in a free form in the fluid of tumor and inflammatory tissues regardless of the time after administration. A small amount of this nuclide was localized in the nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in these tissues, and the nuclide was bound to protein in these fractions. The distribution of 201Tl(III)-chloride in tumor bearing animals was essentially the same as that of 201Tl(I)-chloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Myocardial scintigraphy ; Compton scatter ; Dual energy acquisition ; 201T1 ; 123I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In myocardial scintigraphy, simultaneous injection of two radionuclides and dual energy acquisition are potentially useful in the assessment of regional perfusion and metabolism. The feasibility of dual radionuclide study with201TI and123I labeled radiopharmaceuticals (meta-iodobenzylguanidine I 123, in this study) was investigated in phantoms and patients. The crosstalk of one radionuclide to the other pulse height window was defined as the ratio of the201T1 count in the123I and201T1 windows, R[I/Tl], and the ratio of the123I count in the201TI and123I windows, R[Tl/I]. The ratios were determined in planar images and SPECT studies. In clinical studies with whole body scintigraphy (n = 8), the value of R differed significantly in various organs. In the SPECT study (n =13), R was not uniform and varied with time and location, resulting in significant errors in uptake and regional count ratio. Thus, dual energy acquisition with201TI and 1231 labeled radiopharmaceuticals is generally not recommended because of varying amounts of crosstalk interference. Possible solutions to this problem are discussed. The feasibility of dual radionuclide study must be confirmed in human as well as in phantom studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Portal circulation ; Enteric coated capsule of thallium-201 ; Portal systemic shunting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new method of oral administration of an enteric coated capsule of 201Tl (201Tl-capsule) was developed to evaluate the portal circulation through the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The 201Tl-capsule was not collapsed in the artificial gastric juice, whereas it melted soon after soaking in the artificial intestinal juice. In a clinical trial of 42 cases, 201Tl was satisfactory released in the duodenum in 36 cases where clear liver images were observed except in 1 patient. Heart to liver ratio (H/L) at 60 or 90 min after duodenal release of 201Tl was 0.32±0.07 (mean±1 s.d.) in normal controls, 0.34±0.12 in chronic hepatitis, 0.31±0.12 in acute hepatitis, 0.45±0.13 in liver cirrhosis and 0.48±0.32 in cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. In 11 patients who had both oral and rectal studies with 201Tl, 7 showed a high H/L ratio of more than 0.8 in the rectal study but only 1 showed a similarly high ratio of 1.07 in the oral study. In the group of varied liver disorders we have studied so far, it was found that most of the SMV blood flowed into the liver and the degree of portal systemic shunting (PSS) from the SMV was much smaller compared to that from the inferior mesenteric vein. The present study with oral administration of the 201Tl-capsule was of value in understanding portal circulation through the SMV, however, this technique seemed of limited usefulness for evaluating overall pathologic PSS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thymus ; Thyroid carcinoma ; Iodine-131 treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid are presented in which whole-body scans following therapeutic doses of iodine-131 revealed intense anterior mediastinal uptake. In both cases, the mediastinal uptake was absent from scans obtained after removal of the entire thymus. Histologically, the resected thymus glands showed hyperplasia and contained neither thyroid tissue nor metastatic foci of thyroid carcinoma. We therefore concluded that anterior mediastinal uptake of radioiodine may be caused by hyperplasia of the thymus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 11 (1985), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Ga-67-binding substances ; Stomach ; Small intestine ; Pancreas ; Muscle ; Acid mucopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Normal male rats were injected with either gallium citrate Ga 67 or sodium sulfate S 35. After 24 h, the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, and muscle were excised and homogenized. After the removal of the nuclear fraction, each of these homogenates was digested with protease. After digestion, the supernatants of the reaction mixtures were applied to a Sephadex-G-100 column. The radioactivity was eluted with buffer solution. The resultant eluates were analyzed for radioactivity and the levels of proteins, uronic acids, and sialic acids. In all four organs, sizable amounts of 67Ga were bound to sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides with molecular masses of about 10,000 daltons and to sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides, a species whose molecular masses exceed 40,000 daltons. In the stomach, large amounts of 67Ga were bound to sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides with molecular masses of about 10,000 daltons. from these results, it is obvious that the main 67Ga-binding substances in these four organs are sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides, and that these acid mucopolysaccharides play the most important role in the concentration of 67Ga in these organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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