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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of error for periodontal probing measurements (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 31 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study determined the relative contribution to probing measurement reliability of several factors, compared with that of random error. Probing measurements were performed by examiners properly trained and calibrated. A total of 5771 pairs of replicate pocket depth (PD) and relative attachment level (RAL) measurements were performed with the Florida Probe®. A total of 1488 replicate clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were performed with the North Carolina 15 mm probe. In addition, longitudinal replicate measurements of RAL were performed at 0 and 12 months on 816 sites in 11 patients utilizing the Florida Probe® 20 mm disk probe. Measurement reliability with the Florida Probe® resulted in mean intraexaminer variances of 0.21 and 0.33, for PD and RAL, respectively (s.e.m. 0.46 mm for PD and 0.57 mm for RAL). Measurement reliability with the conventional probe resulted in mean intra-examiner variances of 0.19 for PD and 0.32 for CAL (s.e.m. 0.44 mm and 0.56 mm). Pocket depth contributed to =5% of the variability of the intra-examiner variance with both probes with other contributing factors being the individual patient, tooth and site location. Mean intra-examiner reproducibility for duplicate RAL measurement performed at 0 and 12 months was 0.24 and 0.19, respectively (s.e.m. 0.49 mm and 0.43 mm). In conclusion, a mean intra-examiner variance of ≤0.24 can be achieved for replicate measurements with both electronic and conventional probes for moderate and severe periodontitis patients. Individual examiner, individual patient and site location contribute up to 10% to the overall variance. Hence, the pattern of variability for intra-examiner variance of probing measurements performed with either electronic or conventional probes by trained and calibrated examiners is mostly random error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00500.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol consumption and periodontal disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption on the severity of periodontal disease.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study employed 13,198 subjects of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) aged 20 and older who have at least six natural teeth. Alcohol intake was represented both as a continuous variable and dichotomized using 5, 10, 15, and 20 drinks/week as cut-points. Periodontal disease was represented by clinical attachment loss (CAL) and was assessed both as a continuous variable and dichotomized as 〈1.5 mm and 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE503:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉1.5 mm. Independent effect of alcohol on CAL was assessed by weighted multiple linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting simultaneously for the effects of age, gender, race, education, income, smoking, diet, diabetes, gingival bleeding, number of remaining teeth.Results: There was a significant linear relationship between number of drinks per week and log CAL (p=0.0001). Odds ratios for the risk of attachment loss using 5, 10, 15, and 20 drinks/week as cut-points were 1.22 [1.02–1.47], 1.39 [1.13–1.71], 1.54 [1.22–1.93], and 1.67 [1.25–2.23], respectively.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption may be associated with increased severity of CAL in a dose-dependent fashion. Prospective studies and studies of mechanism are needed to confirm the role of alcohol as a risk factor for periodontal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00503.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of a self-reported health questionnaire in a periodontal disease study (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study assesses the reliability of a self-reported health questionnaire completed by 413 subjects aged 25–74 yr in the Erie County Periodontal Disease (ECPD) Study. Specific questions on general and oral health conditions were completed by each subject during a first visit and at a follow-up examination 2 yr later, and the two compared. Results showed that the overall measure of agreement between the two visits is substantial (average kappa, k=0.80). Variation by gender and age were minimal. Questions regarding allergy to medications, oral treatment, reason for tooth extraction, health symptoms and history of systemic diseases exhibited high levels of agreement (kappa ranged from 0.71–0.90). Information on vitamin and mineral intake yielded k= 0.63. Oral conditions scored the lowest but were still acceptable (k= 0.57). These findings indicate that there were no significant discrepancies in self-reported responses to the health questionnaire used in the ECPD Study. Although the information provided by the subject may not be as accurate as compared to laboratory testing, it is nevertheless a reliable source of information which can be utilized cost-effectively in research studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00574.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal study of predictive factors for periodontal disease and tooth loss (1999)
    Munksgaard : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Longitudinal assessment of risk factors for periodontal disease is necessary to provide evidence that a putative risk factor or risk indicator is a true risk factor. The purpose of the present study was to explore longitudinally a variety of markers as possible periodontal risk factors in subjects with little or no periodontal disease at baseline. 415 subjects with mild or little periodontal disease were examined: medical and dental history; socioeconomic profile, clinical measurements, microbial samples and radiographic assessment of bone height were performed at baseline, and at a follow-up examination 2 to 5 years later. Mean probing pocket depth (PPD) at baseline was 1.99±0.37 mm while mean overall change was 0.1 mm which amounts to an annual rate of 0.04 mm. Overall mean clinical attachment level (1.75±0.6 mm) at baseline resulted in mean attachment change of 0.28 mm (0.12 mm. annually). Alveolar crestal height (ACH) at baseline (mean 2.05±0.85 mm) resulting in a mean net loss of 0.1 mm. Approximately 10% of all sites presented for the second visit with attachment loss exceeding the threshold (4.4% annually), while only 2.2% of all sites exhibited attachment gain (0.88% annually). Older individuals exhibited greater mean bone loss but the least amount of attachment loss. Current smokers exhibited greater disease progression compared to non-smokers. Tooth morbidity (0.17 teeth/patient/year) was associated with greater baseline CAL and ACH loss, and an assortment of systemic conditions. Subjects who harbored Bacteroides forsythus (Bf) at baseline had greater loss in ACH; likewise, these subjects experienced greater proportions of losing sites and twice as much tooth mortality compared to Bf-negative patients. Baseline clinical parameters correlated strongly with the outcome, i.e., subjects with deeper mean pocket depth at baseline exhibited greater increase in pocket depth overtime; while subjects with greater attachment loss at baseline exhibited greater attachment loss between the 1st and 2nd visits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260607.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative study of parallel scientific applications with explicit communication (1996)
    Springer
    The journal of supercomputing 10 (1996), S. 5-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0484
    Keywords: Multicomputers ; parallel applications ; communication ; scalability ; I/O characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies the behavior of scientific applications running on distributed memory parallel computers. Our goal is to quantify the floating point, memory, I/O, and communication requirements of highly parallel scientific applications that perform explicit communication. In addition to quantifying these requirements for fixed problem sizes and numbers of processors, we develop analytical models for the effects of changing the problem size and the degree of parallelism for several of the applications. The contribution of our paper is that it provides quantitative data about real parallel scientific applications in a manner that is largely independent of the specific machine on which the application was run. Such data, which are clearly very valuable to an architect who is designing a new parallel computer, were not previously available. For example, the majority of research papers in interconnection networks have used simulated communication loads consisting of fixed-size messages. Our data, which show that using such simulated loads is unrealistic, can be used to generate more realistic communication loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128097
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