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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of environmental conditioning on the development of nicotine sensitization: behavioral and neurochemical analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Environmental conditioning ; Nicotine ; Rat ; Sensitization ; Behavioral and neurochemical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the effects of environmental conditioning on the induction of nicotine sensitization of locomotion, stereotypy and nucleus accumbens dopamine release. Sprague-Dawley rats, some of which had been previously implanted with a microdialysis guide cannula over the nucleus accumbens, were sensitized with 5 days of repeated nicotine (0.6 mg/kg per day, SC) or saline injections (1 ml/kg per day). During nicotine treatment the drug administration was either paired with the microdialysis/activity monitor testing chamber (conditioned) (n=6) or with the animal's home cage (unconditioned) (n=6) and after 60 min the animal was returned to home cage and received a second injection of saline 15 min later. A third group received saline in the testing apparatus followed by nicotine in the home cage (pseudo-conditioned) (n=6). In the guide cannulated animals, 2 mm microdialysis probes were inserted after completing day 5 of treatment and all animals were tested for their response to nicotine (0.6 mg/kg, SC) on day 6. Both locomotor activity and nucleus accumbens dopamine release showed a larger response subsequent to nicotine challenge in the nicotine versus saline pretreated animals in the conditioned group, but not in the unconditioned group. In the pseudo-conditioned group there was an increase in the stereotypy responses to nicotine, however the locomotor and dopamine release responses were not significantly enhanced. The results from the conditioned group were confirmed in animals which were tested for behavioral activation and dopamine release simultaneously (n=5). These findings indicate that nicotine sensitization of locomotor activity and nucleus accumbens dopamine release (using a 5-day pretreatment protocol) is dependent on conditioning the animal to the testing environment during nicotine pretreatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247381
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for dissociable mechanisms of amphetamine-and stress-induced behavioral sensitization: effects of MK-801 and haloperidol pretreatment (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Behavioral sensitization ; Dopamine ; Excitatory amino acids ; Glutamate ; Locomotor activity ; NMDA antagonist ; Novelty ; Restraint stress ; Stereotypy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined the ability of pretreatment with MK-801 or haloperidol to block the induction of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine challenge by repeated immobilization stress in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fifteen minutes before each of ten 30-min restraint sessions, rats were administered saline, MK-801 (0.01, 0.10 or 0.25 mg/kg IP) or haloperidol (0.10 or 0.25 mg/kg IP). Control rats received the same injection regimen without restraint. An additional experiment examined the ability of MK-801 to block the induction of sensitization by repeatedd-amphetamine. In this experiment, rats were administered saline or MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg IP) 15 min before each of ten amphetamine injections (1.0 mg/kg IP, administered under the same regimen as immobilization stress). Four days after the final immobilization or amphetamine injection, rats were tested for locomotor response to novelty, saline andd-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg IP). Exposure to repeated immobilization stress significantly enhanced the locomotor response to amphetamine challenge but not to saline challenge whether rats were pretreated with saline, MK-801 or haloperidol. Secondary analysis of dose effects in each pretreatment group revealed that at 0.25 mg/kg, repeated MK-801 in itself induced sensitization to the response to amphetamine in control rats and potentiated stress-induced sensitization in restrained rats. In contrast, the sensitization induced by repeated amphetamine was attenuated by MK-801 pretreatment. Neither dose of haloperidol affected the locomotor response to saline or amphetamine in control or stressed rats. These results indicate that the effects of MK-801 on the induction of sensitization are complex and suggest that amphetamine-and stress-induced behavioral sensitization may arise through different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246448
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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