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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-2 adrenergic receptor gene variations and blood pressure under stress in normal twins (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: We tested the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) responses to physical and mental stress are associated with polymorphisms in the β-2 adrenergic receptor (AR) gene. We studied normotensive, young, monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The subjects underwent automated BP measurements at the brachial and digital arteries and were subjected to mental arithmetic and cold pressor stress. We used allele-specific PCR to genotype four single nucleotide polymorphisms in the β-2 AR gene. The most functionally relevant polymorphism in the β-2 AR gene, Arg16/Gly, was associated with systolic and diastolic BP under resting conditions, during mental arithmetic, and during the cold pressor test, as well as with the increase in diastolic BP during both forms of stress. These findings support a role for the β-2 AR gene in BP regulation. They also indicate that the β-2 AR gene influences the level of not only resting but also stress-related BP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3830485
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and vulnerability to substance abuse (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene are described. A non-coding region polymorphism (G to T) occurs at nucleotide 175 preceding the initiation of translation. A coding polymorphism in exon 1 (C to T) at nucleotide 229 changes an alanine residue to a valine residue. Frequencies of these polymorphisms were examined in groups of cocaine and/or opioid dependent individuals and matched controls. There were no significant differences between groups, although a trend (p= 0.05) towards a higher frequency of the 229 valine allele was observed in the substance abuse group, suggesting a need for large, well-controlled studies of this polymorphism in severe substance abusers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219772598
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human small conductance calcium-regulated potassium channel gene (hSKCa3) contains two CAG repeats in exon 1, is on chromosome 1q21.3, and shows a possible association with schizophrenia (1998)
    Springer
    Neurogenetics 1 (1998), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Potassium channel gene ; CAG repeat ; Human chromosome 1q21.3 ; Schizophrenia ; Bipolar disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Mutations in various ion channel genes are responsible for neuromuscular and other neurological disorders. We have previously identified the human small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel gene ( hSKCa3 ) which has two tandemly arranged CAG repeats in its 5' region. Here we have isolated the first genomic clones containing the gene and have shown that both repeats are in exon 1 . Homology to the previously localized sequence tagged site G16005 indicated that the gene may be on chromosome 22q, however using polymerase chain reaction amplification of somatic cell hybrid DNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization of two P1 artificial chromosome clones, we physically localized the gene to chromosome 1q21.3. We previously found an association between the highly polymorphic second (more 3′) CAG repeat and schizophrenia in 98 patients and 117 controls. We have now genotyped an additional 19 patients with schizophrenia and have performed statistical analyses on the entire group of patients and controls to investigate the possible effect of age of onset, family history, and gender of the patients on the observed association. None of these factors were found to influence the results. Both CAG repeats have been typed in 86 bipolar I disorder patients, and no significant difference in allele distribution was observed between our bipolar disorder patients and controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100480050038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cannabinoids ; Neuropsychology ; Visual scanning ; Attentional function ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rationale and objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic interference by cannabis with endogenous cannabinoid systems during peripubertal development causes specific and persistent brain alterations in humans. As an index of cannabinoid action, visual scanning, along with other attentional functions, was chosen. Visual scanning undergoes a major maturation process around age 12–15 years and, in addition, the visual system is known to react specifically and sensitively to cannabinoids. Methods: From 250 individuals consuming cannabis regularly, 99 healthy pure cannabis users were selected. They were free of any other past or present drug abuse, or history of neuropsychiatric disease. After an interview, physical examination, analysis of routine laboratory parameters, plasma/urine analyses for drugs, and MMPI testing, users and respective controls were subjected to a computer-assisted attention test battery comprising visual scanning, alertness, divided attention, flexibility, and working memory. Results: Of the potential predictors of test performance within the user group, including present age, age of onset of cannabis use, degree of acute intoxication (THC+THCOH plasma levels), and cumulative toxicity (estimated total life dose), an early age of onset turned out to be the only predictor, predicting impaired reaction times exclusively in visual scanning. Early-onset users (onset before age 16; n = 48) showed a significant impairment in reaction times in this function, whereas late-onset users (onset after age 16; n = 51) did not differ from controls (n = 49). Conclusions: These data suggest that beginning cannabis use during early adolescence may lead to enduring effects on specific attentional functions in adulthood. Apparently, vulnerable periods during brain development exist that are subject to persistent alterations by interfering exogenous cannabinoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050892
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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