Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Anticoagulants — Interleukins — Tumor necrosis factor assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: Unfractionated heparin is frequently used as an anticoagulant during blood sampling and in cell culture experiments. In the present study we investigated whether heparin and other anticoagulants (citrate and EDTA) interfered with measurements of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) concentrations or with TNFα release from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes.¶Material and Methods: TNFα was measured by a WEHI 164 bioassay in the plasma of 16 septic patients anticoagulated with heparin, citrate, or EDTA. Anticoagulants were incubated with the bioassay cell line and cell lysis was monitored. To exclude falsely low TNFα concentrations, anticoagulants were incubated in increasing amounts with human recombinant TNFα/saline solution, and rTNFα recovery was measured either with the WEHI 164 bioassay or an ELISA test. Further, anticoagulants were incubated with monocytes isolated from healthy volunteers and stimulated with endotoxin. Supernatants were analyzed for TNFα with both test systems.¶Results: No biologically active TNFα was detected in the plasma with heparin anticoagulation, whereas with citrate, reproducible, TNFα-induced cytotoxicity was detectable in blood samples of 13 of the 16 patients. Anticoagulation with EDTA resulted in fairly high, variable and poorly reproducible TNFα values. Only EDTA produced falsely high values by unspecific lysis of WEHI cells. Only heparin at a concentration of 20 I.U./ml or more was found to produce falsely low values by interaction with the TNFα bioassay, but also with the ELISA test. In monocyte culture experiments, heparin significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of endotoxin on TNFα release already at the lowest concentration tested (25 I.U./ml).¶Conclusions: Heparin and EDTA may have significant adverse effects on TNFα measurement when used for blood sampling. Citrate does not interfere with the TNFα bioassay or ELISA, and seems, therefore, to be the anticoagulant of choice. Due to intrinsic interactions with various cell systems (including the WEHI cell and monocytes), one should be careful in using heparin in cell culture studies in which effects of TNFα or of endotoxin are being studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Hemofiltration ; Cytokines ; Anaphylatoxins ; Hemodynamics ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether hemofiltration (HF) can eliminate cytokines and complement components and alter systemic hemodynamics in patients with severe sepsis. Design: Prospective observation study. Setting: Surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 16 patients with severe sepsis. Interventions: Continuous zero-balanced HF without dialysis (ultrafiltrate rate 2 l/h) was performed in addition to pulmonary artery catheterization, arterial cannulation, and standard intensive care treatment. Measurements and main results: Plasma and ultrafiltrate concentrations of cytokines (the interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) and of complement components (C3adesArg, C5adesArg) were measured after starting HF (t0) and 4 h (t4) and 12 h later (t12). Hemodynamic variables including mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output were serially determined. During HF, cytokine plasma concentrations remained constant. However, C3adesArg and C5adesArg plasma concentrations showed a significant decline during 12-h HF (C3adesArg: t0=676.9±99.7 ng/ml vs t12=467.8±71, p〈0.01; C5adesArg: 26.6±4.7 ng/ml vs 17.6±6.2, p〈0.01). HF resulted in a significant increase over time in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and MAP (SVR at t0: 669±85 dyne·s/cm5 vs SVR at t12: 864±75, p〈0.01; MAP at t0: 69.9±3.5 mmHg vs MAP at t12: 82.2±3.7, p〈0.01). Conclusions: HF effectively eliminated the anaphylatoxins C3adesArg and C5adesArg during sepsis. There was also a significant rise in SVR and MAP during high volume HF. Therefore, HF may represent a new modality for removal of anaphylatoxins and may, thereby, deserve clinical testing in patients with severe sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Hemofiltration ; Cytokines ; Anaphylatoxins ; hemodynamics ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To determine whether hemofiltration (HF) can eliminate cytokines and complement components and alter systemic hemodynamics in patients with severe sepsis. Design Prospective observation study. Setting Surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients 16 patients with severe sepsis. Interventions Continuous zero-balanced HF without dialysis (ultrafiltrate rate 21/h) was performed in addition to pulmonary artery catheterization, arterial cannulation, and standard intensive care treatment. Measurements and main results Plasma and ultrafiltrate concentrations of cytokines (the interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) and of complement components (C3adesArg, C5adesArg) were measured after starting HF (t0) and 4 h (t4) and 12 h later (t12). Hemodynamic variables including mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output were serially determined. During HF, cytokine plasma concentrations remained constant. However, C3adesArg and C5adesArg plasma concentrations showed a significant decline during 12-h HF (C3adesArg: t0=676.9±99.7 ng/ml vs t12=467.8±71,p〈0.01; C5adesArg: 26.6±4.7 ng/ml vs 17.6±6.2,p〈0.01). HF resulted in a significant increase over time in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and MAP (SVR at t0: 669±85 dyne·s/cm5 vs SVR at t12: 864±75,p〈0.01; MAP at t0: 69.9±3.5 mmHg vs MAP at t12: 82.2±3.7,p〈0.01). Conclusions HF effectively eliminated the anaphylatoxins C3adesArg and C5adesArg during sepsis. There was also a significant rise in SVR and MAP during high volume HF. Therefore, HF may represent a new modality for removal of anaphylatoxins and may, thereby, deserve clinical testing in patients with severe sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 274-282 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Mehrschicht-Computertomographie ; Kolon ; Polypen ; Virtuelle Koloskopie ; Key words Computed tomography ; Multi-slice CT ; Virtual colonoscopy ; Colon polyps ; Colon cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Subject: Using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) large body areas can scanned with high spatial resolution. In this study, MSCT was employed for virtual colonoscopy in various pathologies of the colon. Materials and methods: For MSCT a Somatom Plus 4, Volume Zoom scanner, (Siemens, Forchheim) was employed, equipped with four parallel detector rows. Twenty-five patients were included in this trial, prior to colonoscopy or partial colon resection. After cleaning the colon, distension was achieved by insufflation of room air using a rectal tube. The parameters of acquisition and reconstruction were as follows: collimation 4×1 mm and 4×2.5 mm respectively; tube charge per slice: 140–160 mAs; pitch 5–6; IV contrast medium: 120 ml Ultravist 300 (Schering) with a flow rate of 3 ml/s; delay: 35 s. For 3D reconstruction we used edge-enhanced volume rendering, virtual colonoscopy and extraluminal views of volume-rendered images. Results: Nine polyps and four of five colon carcinomas were detected using MSCT virtual colonoscopy. In three patients with ulcerative colitis virtual coloscopy revealed morphological alterations compatible with this disease. In two of four patients with multiple diverticula of the colon the true extent of the disorder could be assessed in virtual colonoscopy. Conclusion: Utilizing virtual MSCT colonoscopy polyps and cancer of the colon can be reliably detected, if proper cleaning and distension is provided. On axial images alone smaller polyps may be assessed. The high z-axis resolution of MSCT offers superior conditions for CT-based virtual colonoscopy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Die Mehrschichtcomputertomographie (MSCT) vermag, große Organbereiche mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung zu untersuchen. Daher können auch für die virtuelle Koloskopie eine bisher nicht erreichbare Ortsauflösung und Detailtreue erwartet werden. Die ersten Ergebnisse mit der MSCT-Koloskopie bei unterschiedlichen pathologischen Veränderungen des Kolons werden vorgestellt. Material und Methode: Als Mehrschichtcomputertomograph stand das Gerät Somatom Plus 4, Volume Zoom, (Siemens, Forchheim) zur Verfügung, das mit 4 parallelen Detektorzeilen ausgerüstet ist. Es wurden 25 Patienten vor der Koloskopie oder vor der chirugischen Kolonteilresektion untersucht. Die Distension des gesäuberten Kolons wurde durch Insufflation von Raumluft über eine rektale Sonde erreicht. Folgende Akquisitions- und Rekonstruktionsparameter wurden eingesetzt: Kollimation: 4×1 mm bzw. 4×2,5 mm; Ladung pro Schicht: 140–160 mAs; Pitch: 5–6; Kontrastmittel i.v.: 120 ml Ultravist 300 (Schering) mit einem Fluss von 3 ml/s; Delay: 35 s. Alle Untersuchungen wurden axial und mit 3D-Verfahren rekonstruiert. Dabei kamen eine kantenverstärkte Volume-rendering-Darstellung der Kolonschleimhaut, eine virtuelle Endoskopie und eine extraluminäre Volume-rendering-Darstellung des Kolons zur Anwendung. Wenn noch größere Mengen Stuhl im Kolon verblieben waren, wurde eine 2. Untersuchung in Bauchlage des Patienten durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: 4 von 5 Kolonkarzinomen konnten mit der virtuellen Koloskopie dargestellt werden. Bei 3 Patienten wurden mit der virtuellen Koloskopie typische Veränderungen der Colitis ulcerosa dargestellt, wovon ein Patient die konventionelle Koloskopie nicht tolerierte. Bei 9 Patienten mit Kolonpolypen stimmten die virtuelle und konventionelle Koloskopie vollständig überein. Bei 4 Patienten mit Divertikulose war mit der virtuellen Koloskopie nur in 2 Fällen der Befund vollständig zu sichern. Schlussfolgerung: Mit der virtuellen Koloskopie können Kolonpolypen und -karzinome sehr genau erfasst werden, sofern das Kolon ausreichend gereinigt wird. Auf den axialen Schichten können kleine Polypen (〈5 mm) nicht eindeutig identifiziert werden. Für die Darstellung der Divertikulose ist eine ausreichende Distension entscheidend wichtig. Die hohe Auflösung der MSCT in der z-Achse bietet günstige Voraussetzungen für die CT-basierte virtuelle Koloskopie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...