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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter 3-D Digitalisierung ; Gesichtsoberfläche ; Optoelektronisch ; CAD/CAM ; Weichteil ; Key words 3-D digitization ; Facial surface ; Optoelectronic ; CAD/CAM ; Soft tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Three-dimensional registration of the facial surface by methods which are currently in use is difficult because of the long measuring times required by point-based imaging systems. Artifacts caused by movement appear, e.g., blinking. Also the production of a facial plaster-cast model for measuring is not an adequate solution. In order to acquire data of the facial surface in a contact-free manner, a system is needed that has short measuring times, is able to record data of complex surfaces and at the same time does no harm to the open eyes. The method described here represents a new development of an industrial high tech CAD/CAM system. Unlike customary point-based imaging systems, the stripe projection method works using entire planes. Structured light is aimed at the surface to be measured, recorded by videocamera and calculated by triangulation; then the different views are combined by computer. The system has an optic sensor that can record approximately 500 000 measuring points within seconds (ca. 1.7s). Test persons’ faces and plaster-cast models of them (n = 15) were measured compartively and serially (n = 5) to test the validity and reliability of the method for maxillofacial procedures. These investigations show that this method is appropriate for recording three-dimensional soft-tissue profiles. First studies on patients before and after dysgnathia operations were undertaken. A prospective long-term study for collecting data on pre- and postoperative dysgnathia patients has been begun. Initially, it will record the changes in facial soft tissue on the basis of skeletal displacement. Later, predictions about the soft-tissue changes subsequent to dysgnathia surgery can be worked out on the basis of stored data matched with three-dimensional bone data.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Gesichtsoberfläche wird bei den bisher zur Verfügung stehenden Verfahren dadurch erschwert, daß die zumeist punktuell arbeitenden optischen Meßsysteme häufig lange Meßzeiten haben. Aus diesem Grund kommt es zu Bewegungsartefakten z. B. durch Augenzwinkern. Auch die Anfertigung von Gipsmodellen als Vermessungsgrundlage ist aufgrund der Weichteilverformung keine Lösung. Zur kontaktfreien Erfassung der Gesichtsoberfläche ist ein System wünschenswert, welches eine kurze Meßzeit hat, komplexe Oberflächen erfassen kann und auch bei geöffneten Augen unschädlich ist. Die hier beschriebene Methode stellt eine Neuentwicklung aus einem in der industriellen Vermessungstechnik etablierten Hochleistungsvermessungsverfahren zur detailgenauen Oberflächenerfassung dar. Strukturiertes Weißlicht wird auf die zu erfassende Oberfläche projiziert und durch Videokameras erfaßt. Die Oberfläche wird über Triangulation durch eine spezielle Computersoftware errechnet. Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Verfahren zeichnet sich die Streifenprojektionsmethode durch berührungsfreie Messung, flächenhafte Erfassung mit hoher Präzision (ca. 500 000 simultane Meßpunkte) und kurze Meßzeiten (ca. 1,7s) aus. Probanden und deren Gesichtsmodelle nach Gesichtsabformung (n = 15) wurden vergleichend und seriell (n = 5) vermessen, um die Reliabilität, die Validität und die Eignung der Methode für Fragestellungen im Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Bereich zu evaluieren. Es zeigte sich, daß sich die Methode für die dreidimensionale Erfassung der Gesichtsweichteile eignet. Erste Untersuchungen an Patienten vor und nach Dysgnathieoperationen wurden unternommen. Eine prospektive Langzeitstudie mit prä- und postoperativ erfaßten Dysgnathiepatienten zur Datensammlung wurde begonnen. Zunächst werden die Gesichtsweichteilveränderungen infolge von definierten skelettverlagernden Eingriffen erfaßt. Später, nach Koppelung dieser Daten mit dreidimensionalen Knochendaten, sollten Aussagen z. B. bezüglich der Frage der Vorhersage der Weichteilveränderungen infolge Dysgnathieoperationen möglich sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Pulmonary function ; Intraindividual variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Debate continues about what constitutes significant and meaningful change in health status of individuals and populations. More importantly, the basic biological and medical criteria that are used for clinical and environmental judgments require further discussion and clarification. What proportion of loss of cardio-pulmonary function, overt disability, or mortality is sufficient to determine an ≫ adverse health effect ≫? Health-oriented individuals, including researchers and clinicians, may choose to adhere to different criteria than other professional groups (e.g., legal, social). It is proposed in this paper that criteria for defining adverse health effects should represent clinically meaningful, as distinct from only statistically significant, responses. These include pulmonary function test results that indicate obstructive or restrictive diseases, and electrocardiogram results indicating coronary artery disease. Intraindividual changes that predict a meaningful medical change would be included; these changes should meet specific requirements in terms of what constitute normal vs. abnormal ranges of variation. Further, the proportion of the population defined to be impaired should be considered. These issues are the focus of this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 6 (1990), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Asthma ; Chronic bronchitis ; Childhood ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prevalence, persistence, incidence and remission rates of reported diagnosed asthma and chronic bronchitis has been studied longitudinally over ten years in a representative community sample of children and adolescents. The objectives are to evaluate the rates of change over time, the role of family history of disease, and the social risk factors in the longitudinal course of disease. The relationship between the two reported diagnoses is very high, about half of each group having the other diagnosis. Each diagnosis has specific symptoms with which it is associated. Remission of clinical disease is associated with continuing symptoms in about half of such cases. The incidence rates and remissions of cases as they have occurred over time were associated with different symptoms and risk factors. A family history of lung disease and family social characteristics are significant risk factors affecting the presence of these diseases, and how they change. Discussion suggests these factors may affect possible precursors, such as lower respiratory tract illnesses, as well as personal habits (such as smoking), which are related to both diagnoses. Further, the interactions of these risk factors appear to significantly influence impairments of lung function at the beginning of adult life, and potential subsequent disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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