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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of the interaction between a vortex lattice and dislocations in a superconducting Nb crystal (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1293-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a cryo-Lorentz electron microscope, we have succeeded in observing directly the interaction between a vortex lattice and dislocations in a Nb film, to which magnetic fields were externally applied up to 200 G at 5 K. At 100 G, vortices were clearly pinned by dislocations and a vortex lattice was locally formed around the pinned sites. Its extension and the density of the vortices increase with the increase of magnetic-field strength to form "the Abrikosov lattice." At 200 G, it is not perfect yet but consists of "domains" with disordered areas at their boundaries. When the specimen temperature was raised above the critical temperature (9.2 K), with keeping the magnetic field at 200 G, the vortex lattice disappeared. When the temperature was successively decreased back to 5 K, a similar vortex lattice appeared again but with a slightly changed orientation. The reorientation suggests that the interaction between vortices and dislocations pinning them is rather weak. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122153
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclinic phase of boron nitride appearing during the hexagonal cubic phase transition at high pressure and high temperature (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 182-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fine structures appearing on the phase transition from h (hexagonal) to c (cubic) boron nitride under high pressure (7.7 GPa) and high temperature (1800–2150 °C) are examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A prominent contraction of the interplanar spacing between sp2 sheets from 3.33 to 3.10 A(ring) in so-called "compressed h-BN'' is attributable to a monoclinic lattice distortion of the residual h-BN, which originates from the difference in the compressibility as well as the thermal expansion between adjoining h- and c-BN grains. The parameters of the monoclinic unit cell are am=4.33, bm=2.50, cm=3.1–3.3 A(ring), and β=92–95°. Thin plates of h-BN are often folded and the folding also causes the monoclinic structure. The sheet sequence of r (rhombohedral)-BN locally appears when the strong volume shrinkage occurs due to the formation of a c-BN grain. Nanoscale twins appear in resulting c-BN grains, as long as they are small, and w (wurzite)-BN is sometimes included in them. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116453
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cubic C3N4 particles prepared in an induction thermal plasma (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3671-3673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon nitride particles of nm size were prepared in an induction thermal plasma treatment of carbon powder including a small amount of nitrogen. Relatively large ones of about 5 nm in diameter are mostly in a dodecahedral shape. The structure was analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to be a cubic C3N4, which had been predicted by a first-principles calculation as a substance with the highest bulk modulus. The lattice parameter is, however, rather large (a=0.582 nm) as compared to the prediction. N-deficient planar defects are included in some of the particles. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122858
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray characterization of lapped Si surfaces for coronary angiography with 311 reflection at 33.17 keV : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instructumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 1201-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray characterization of lapped surfaces of Si monochromator crystals for coronary angiography was performed at 33.17 keV to find out its optimum condition to obtain highest integrated intensity and a reasonable energy resolution, such as materials, diffraction indices, asymmetrical factors, and states of crystal surfaces. Its integrated intensity and the full width at half maximum of Si 311 lapped by SiC #1200 abrasive was enhanced nine times and enlarged seven times as large as an etched one, respectively. These results meet the requirements for imaging in coronary angiography. Furthermore, from cross-sectional observation using the electron microscopy, it was found out that mechanical lapping by abrasives induced many cracks in the sample crystals. It is considered that the larger the particle size of the abrasive, the larger misorientation in the surface has occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143082
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of approximant μ-Al4Mn interpreted as a modulated crystal (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 32 (1999), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the μ-Al4Mn phase, which is an approximant of icosahedral and decagonal quasicrystals, is interpreted as a modulated crystal structure. It basically comprises modulated layers, in which the ordering of atomic vacancies takes place in the close-packed layers. The modulation is considered to be due to the rearrangement of atomic vacancies as a response to the occurrence of charge-density waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889898015817
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Greigit aus Mackinawit und amorphem Schwefel durch Elektronenstrahlen (1970)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 57 (1970), S. 670-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00598794
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twin boundary structure of a superconductive YBa2Cu3O6.9 crystal (1995)
    Springer
    Interface science 2 (1995), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O6.9 crystal with Tc=91 K, in which synthetic twins are inevitably contained, is so sensitive to electron irradiation that a structural change easily occurs at the twin boundary, causing the phase transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal system. We have succeeded in taking images, in which lattice fringes sharply bend at the boundary, using an ultra-high-resolution high-voltage electron microscopy (UHR-HVEM) and the intrinsic structure of the twin boundary could be analyzed to be of oxygen-centered type. The diffraction streak, which is excited only from the boundary region, is explained with help of optical diffraction for a model structure of tilted anti-phase boundary. Atomic knock-on displacements start to occur also in the matrix, being a little apart from the boundary, even at very early stage of electron beam irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215170
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructures in high-Tc Bi(Pb)-family 2212 superconductors as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 258-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microstructure ; High-Tc Bi(Pb)-2212 superconductor ; Sol-gel method ; SEM ; TEM ; Powder XRD ; EPMA ; Magnetization ; Crack ; Amorphous substance ; Modulated structure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Microstructures of Bi(Pb)-family 2212 superconductors, which were prepared by a sol-gel method with three different compositions, were examined mainly by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The magnetization of the specimens strongly depends on the ratio between Bi and Pb content, while Tc is almost constant. In specimen 1, prepared with the nominal composition of Bi/Pb = 9/1, small grains of 2212 phase are formed with a minor fraction of some impurity phases. In specimen 2, with Bi/Pb = 17/3, which is optimum from the viewpoint of magnetization, large grains of the 2212 phase are formed during heating at 800°C, also with the impurity phases. In specimen 3, with Bi/Pb = 8/2, the 2212 grains are divided by layers of (Bi0.86, Pb0.14) (Ca0.7, Sr0.3)Ox. Moreover, plate-like 2212 crystals are severely bent so that small cracks appear often with an inclusion of amorphous substance being rich in Ca and Pb. These layers and cracks must degrade the magnetization. A modulated structure of Bi-type is formed in the 2212 grains of specimens 1 and 2, while not only Bi-type but also Pb-type are formed in specimen 3. The wavelength of Bi-type is different for each specimen. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Umwandlung von Mackinawit (FeS) in Greigit (Fe3S4) durch Elektronenstrahlen (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 386 (1971), S. 208-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The continuous variations of reflexion intensities and lattice spacings are observed for the transformation from mackinawite. FeS (tetragonal), to greigite, Fe3S4 (cubic). by electron beam heating. At the beginning of the transformation, the (222) reflexion of greigite appears. At the end, the (400) and (220) reflexions of greigite are stronger than those so far reported, and the (311), (422) and (331) reflexions are weaker. The observations suggest, that the (101) plane of mackinawite changes to the (222) plane of greigite. The transformation proceeds by bulk diffusion of sulfur, which initially existed in an amorphous state on the surface of mackinawite.
    Notes: Ständige Veränderungen der Reflexintensitäten und Netzebenenabstände werden bei der Umwandlung von Mackinawit in Greigit durch Elektronenstrahlerhitzung beobachtet. Am Anfang der Umwandlung tritt die (222)-Interferenz des Greigits auf. Am Ende sind die (400)- und (220)-Interferenzen von Greigit stärker als bisher berichtet und die (311)-. (422)- und (331)-Interferenzen schwächer. Die Beobachtungen deuten darauf hin. daß sich die (101)-Fläche des Mackinawits zur (222)-Fläche des Greigits verändert. Die Umwandlung erfolgt durch Diffusion von Schwefel. der sich ursprünglich amorph auf der Oberfläche des Mackinawits befand.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19713860212
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