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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS OF CRUSTACEA (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 11 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1964.tb11932.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Physiology: Integrative Action of the Nervous System (1963)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 25 (1963), S. 523-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.25.030163.002515
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Through-conducting System co-ordinating the Protective Retraction of Alcyonium (Coelenterata) (1956)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 178 (1956), S. 1476-1477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The use of electrical stimulation has recently revealed a through-conducting system which coordinates the protective retraction of polyps in several groups of Octocorallia. In Alcyonium, Solenopodium, Tubipora and some colonies of Heteroxenia, a single electrical stimulus produces no contraction of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1781476b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuro-Muscular Transmission in the Earthworm (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 650-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A single action potential was recorded to each shock, and from latent period measurements it was calculated that conduction velocity in the motor neurones was of the order of 0-4m. per sec. This slow velocity suggests that, unlike the situation in Myxicola1 and certain other polychaetes2, there are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/186650a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pitch Discrimination in Orthoptera (Insecta) demonstrated by Responses of Central Auditory Neurones (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 623-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] By recording from the pro-mesothoracic connectives of Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria (Acrididae) or from the cervical connectives of Acheta domestica (Gryllidae) with external electrodes, it is possible to identify a few ascending internuncial neurones which are excited at the sudden ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/185623a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The exact neural projection of the visual fields upon the first and second ganglia of the insect eye (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 66 (1970), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In apposition eyes with fused rhabdomeres, six retinula cells of one ommatidium have short axons which terminate in a single cartridge. Each ommatidium corresponds to one lamina cartridge, the two ganglion cell axons of which, together with the long axons from that ommatidium and a fifth axon, proceed as a bundle through the lamina-medulla chiasma to form a cartridge of the medulla. The projection of the lamina cartridges upon those of the medulla forms a series exactly in order but reversed about the vertical plane. In the fly Calliphora, in which the optical axes of the rhabdomeres of a single ommatidium diverge, the existing description of the projection to the lamina is confirmed and extended to the medulla. As in fused rhabdomere eyes, the lamina cartridges project by bundles, each of which contains five axons, in an exact series but in reverse order, to the cartridges of the medulla. Therefore in each type of eye there is an exact projection of the external environment upon the optic medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299936
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern discrimination by the honeybee: disruption as a cue (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Vision ; Spatial frequency ; Honeybees ; Apis mellifera ; Pattern discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The discrimination of pattern disruption in freely flying honeybees (Apis mellifera) was examined. Bees were trained to discriminate at a fixed distance between a regularly repeated black/white pattern and the same pattern at a different magnification in targets of the same angular size. The locations of areas of black were regularly shuffled to make them useless as cues. The results of the experiments indicate that the bees discriminate the disruption of the pattern as a whole, irrespective of the actual pattern. Bees trained to prefer a larger period transfer to an even larger period, when given a forced choice with a pair of patterns of differing disruption from those they were trained on, as if their spontaneous preference has not been overcome. Bees trained to prefer a smaller period, however, prefer the former negative pattern rather than transfer to an even smaller period. These results show that the bees do not rely solely on learning the absolute period of a pattern nor the relative disruption of two patterns, and they are confused when these two cues conflict in tests with unfamiliar targets. Bees can discriminate between fields of view that differ in average disruption as a generalized cue, irrespective of pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern vision of the honeybee (Apis mellifera): the effect of pattern on the discrimination of location (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Pattern vision ; Honeybee ; Discrimination of location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates how the pattern influences the discrimination of different locations of two or more areas of black, white or colour. The coloured patterns were made from two calibrated coloured papers that give contrast only to green receptors, or alternatively only to blue receptors. The patterns are fixed during training. It is found that the discrimination of translocation of two areas of colour involves green receptors and also blue receptors, and the resolution depends strongly on the pattern. Patterns that offer horizontal strips and up-down differences in locations are well resolved, even with no green contrast. Resolution of left-right reversal is greatly improved when the patterns promote fixation in the horizontal plane, as if green contrast is essential to stabilize the eye in yaw. The addition of radial bars with green contrast, a central black spot or a black surround, is particularly effective. The additions promote fixation, and would aid the detection of natural symmetrical objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050370
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrophysiology of the retina ofPeriplaneta americana L. (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 83 (1973), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Retinula cells ofPeriplaneta in the same state of morphological adaptation differ among themselves in absolute sensitivity by up to 1 log unit (tenfold). 2. Morphologically dark-adapted retinula cells are, on average, ten times as sensitive as light-adapted cells to light on the optical axis. 3. All retinula cells are about 5 times as sensitive to plane polarized light in the plane of its optimum effectiveness as in the orthogonal plane. 4. Retinula cells fall into two groups with optimum plane of polarization 90 ° apart, corresponding with the 2 planes of rhabdomeric microvilli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693679
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unit studies on the retina of dragonflies (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 62 (1969), S. 1-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dorsal part of the adult eye contains mainly uniform blue-sensitive receptors with peak near 380 nm in Anax and near 410 nm in Libellula. This is not a simple rhodopsin type of curve. 2. The larval eye and the ventral part of the adult eye contain receptors with a wide range of spectral sensitivity curves, with peaks from 420–520 nm in Anax and 450–550 nm in Libellula. Many of these can be derived from a typical rhodopsin curve when allowance is made for self-absorption in very long receptors. 3. For most adult receptors, rotation of the plane of polarization by 90° from the optimum is equivalent to a decrease of only 60–70 % in intensity. 4. The acceptance angle curve is approximately a Gaussian normal curve with width of 1.0–1.8° at linear half height. A few units have complex fields which may be artefacts. 5. Retinula unit responses in larval compound eyes resemble those of the adult but the larval units are slower in response and usually more sensitive to rotation of the plane of polarization. 6. There are eight retinula cells arranged in two tiers in each ommatidium. 7. In the dark, pigment grains move away from the tip of the cone and the palisade around the rhabdom increases. These effects could increase the sensitivity by a change in the anatomy. 8. In an eye of this type the ERG is an unsatisfactory tool, the angles of acceptance must be measured very carefully, and experiments with a single electrode have only a limited interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298040
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