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  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(amic acids) of Mw = 48000 to 434000 were prepared by Polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and benzidine using different stoichiometric ratios of the monomers. The poly(amic acids) were investigated through light scattering and viscosity measurements in dimethylacetamide solutions. In solutions containing LiBr, the polyelectrolyte effects are completely supressed; it is therefore possible to determine the molecular weights, the end-to-end distances and the second virial coefficients.The viscosity equation for poly(amic acid) from PMDA and benzidine in LiBr-dimethylacetamide is as follows: [η] = 3,40 × 10-2 × Mw0,78 ml/g.The relatively high [η]-values or correspondingly the low coil densities indicate a loose coiling of the poly(amic acid) molecules. As it is shown by the comparison of the unperturbed dimensions of these poly(amic acids) with the corresponding Avalues of other polymers, the loose coiling of the poly(amic acid) molecules is caused not only through the strong solvation of the polymer molecules by the solvent, but also through the long and stiff benzidine-units in the chain.In LiBr-free dimethylacetamide the beginning dissoziation of the COOH-groups has been noticed through decrease in the intensity of the scattered rays with decreasing angles of observation in the region of small angles and low concentrations. This effect is interpreted by external interferences of the scattered rays, caused by a more regular distribution of the macromolecules in the solutions.The intramolecular interaction of the negative charges produced by the dissoziation of the COOH-groups causes in LiBr-free systems a certain widening of the coil, which is noticed on the higher [η]-values as compared to the systems containing LiBr.As shown by the increase in the optical anisotropy in solutions without LiBr, a change in the coil configuration on the dilution takes place in such a way that it leads to an increase in the ratio of the ellipsoid axis, eventually joined with a geometical widening of the coil.
    Notes: Polyamidcarbonsäuren (PACS) mit Mw = 48000 bis 434000 konnten durch Polykondensation von Pyromellithsäuredianhydrid und Benzidin bei verschiedenen stöchiometrischen Verhältnissen der Monomeren hergestellt werden. Die PACS wurden durch Streulicht- und Viskositätsmessungen in Dimethylacetamid (DMA) untersucht. In LiBr-haltigen Lösungen sind die Polyelektrolyteffekte völlig unterdrückt, so daß man durch Streulichtmessungen Molekulargewichte, Fadenendabstände sowie Werte des 2. Virialkoef fizienten bestimmen kann. Die Viskositätsgleichung in LiBr/DMA lautet: [η] = 3,40 × 10-2 × Mw0,78 ml/g. Die relativ hohen [η]-Werte bzw. die geringen Knäueldichten deuten auf eine lockere Knäuelung der PACS-Moleküle hin. Wie ein Vergleich der durch Extrapolation abgeschätzten ungestörten Dimensionen dieser PACS mit den A-Werten anderer Polymerer zeigt, ist die lockere Knäuelung der PACS-Moleküle nicht nur auf die starke Solvatation durch das Lösungsmittel, sondern auch auf die durch die langen und starren Benzidineinheiten bedingte Steifheit der PACS-Ketten zurückzuführen. In LiBr-freiem Dimethylacetamid macht sich die Dissoziation der COOH-Gruppen durch Abnahme der Streuintensitäten mit kleiner werdendem Beobachtungswinkel im Bereich kleiner Winkel und Konzentrationen bemerkbar. Der Effekt wird auf den Einfluß von intermolekularen („external“) Interferenzen der Streustrahlen - bedingt durch einen erhöhten Ordnungszustand in der Lösung - zurückgeführt.Die intramolekulare Wechselwirkung der bei der Dissoziation der COOH-Gruppen entstehenden negativen Ladungen führt in LiBr-freien Systemen zu einer gewissen Aufweitung der Knäuel, erkennbar an den im Vergleich zu LiBr-haltigen Lösungen höheren [η]-Werten.Wie das Ansteigen der optischen Anisotropie in Lösungen ohne LiBr zeigt, findet mit steigender Verdünnung eine Änderung der Knäuelgestalt im Sinne einer VergröBerung des Achsenverhältnisses der Ellipsoide statt, eventuell begleitet von einer geometrischen Aufweitung.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1513-1524 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Microgels were prepared by crosslinking of poly(vinylalcohol)s with different molecular weights (saponification degree: 88 mole-%) with glutaraldehyde in aqueous solutions. The degree of crosslinking was varied between 0 and 10% (i.e. 10 crosslinks per 100 structural units). Viscosity measurements showed that the viscosity number [η] of the microgels decreases considerably with increasing degree of crosslinking  -  as to be expected with increasing mean density of the random coils: The mean coil volume in aqueous solution shrinks by introducing 10 crosslinks per 100 structural units to 1/10 of the primary volume. A comparison of the logarithmic [η]-M̄-plots of our microgels showed a linear decrease of the exponent a, from a = 0,73 (uncrosslinked) to a = 0,16, with increasing degree of crosslinking. By extrapolation, with a degree of crosslinking of 13% (i.e. 13 cross-links per 100 structural units of polymer chain), it was found that [η] becomes independent of the molecular weight of the primary PVAl-samples.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: It could be shown by a detailed 1H-NMR-study of suitable model compounds that also in the isolated dissolved molecule of N-phenylphthalimide the nitrogen atom is subject of a stationary sp2-hybridization with strong planar geometry of the three σ-bonds. From this molecular structure it can be concluded, that the polyimide of pyromellitic acid, poly(pyromellitdiimido-4,4′-biphenylylene) (4), must have a strictly linear rod-like structure of the whole macromolecule.
    Notes: Anhand geeigneter Modellverbindungen konnte 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch nachgewiesen werden, daß sich auch am isolierten, gelösten Molekül des N-Phenylphthalimids eine zeitlich stationäre sp2-Hybridisierung mit ebener Anordnung der drei vom Stickstoff ausgehenden σ-Bindungen einstellt. Diese Bindungsverhältnisse haben für das Polyimid der Pyromellithsäure, Poly(pyromellithdiimido-4,4′-biphenylylen) (4), eine streng lineare, stäbchenförmige Struktur des Makromoleküls zur Folge.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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