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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 3 (1996), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1436-0691
    Keywords: pancreatic carcinoma ; pancreatoduodenectomy ; history of pancreatic resection ; Allen O. Whipple
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 3 (1996), S. 178-180 
    ISSN: 1436-0691
    Keywords: accessory spleens ; pancreas ; sulphur colloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Accessory spleens are found in about 10% of routine postmortem autopsies, usually near the hilum of the spleen and the tail of the pancreas. In 16% of cases, the accessory spleen may be found within the pancreatic tail.1 Its importance arises when computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor in or about the tail of the pancreas. The diagnosis of intrapancreatic accessory spleen may be suggested when the CT scan, following intravenous contrast injection, shows the mass to be enhanced in a manner characteristic of that of a spleen. Accessory spleen can be identified using technetium 99m(99m)Tc)-labelled heated red cells or99mTc sulfur colloid.2 We report a patient with heterotopic spleens, questioned by CT scan for pancreatic tumors, but accurately diagnosed by99mTc sulfur colloid scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 23 (1999), S. 901-906 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Pancreatoduodenectomy was developed from experience gained with transduodenal ampullectomy, preceded by a relatively bloodless cholecystoenterostomy. Although Codivilla (1898) and Kausch (1909) each achieved a single survivor following pancreatoduodenectomy, further development of the operation had to await discovery of vitamin K and a description of human blood types, the latter leading to the development of blood banks. After vitamin K and blood banks became available, Allen O. Whipple and his resident C.R. Mullins developed the two-stage pancreatoduodenectomy (1934–1935) and Whipple the one-stage procedure (1940). Although the mortality rate from pancreatoduodenectomy remained approximately 33% for more than 25 after Whipple's reports, concentration of resection in “centers of specialization” has now reduced mortality rates below 5%. Thus operative survival has been achieved, but long-term survival has not kept pace. Long-term data remain inadequate because they are usually expressed as Kaplan-Meier estimates and because of the nonuniformity of reporting (e.g., exclusion of postoperative deaths and palliative resections, intraoperative adjuvant therapies, and variations of operative techniques). Widely based Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year survival range from 12% to 15% after resection and more than 20% in selected categories. Total pancreatectomy has not improved short- or long-term survival rates. Extended lymphadenectomy and resection of peripancreatic soft tissues, as currently developed in several surgical clinics in Japan, suggest a higher incidence of complications but perhaps more long-term survivors. Interpretation of their data is currently subject to the same limitations noted above. As our surgical forebears needed vitamin K and blood banks to achieve postresection survival, we and our students need effective adjuvant therapy of micrometastases and better modalities for early diagnosis to improve long-term survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 14 (1990), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 13 (1989), S. 87-87 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 14 (1990), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le chirurgien du pancréas doit disposer de plusieurs interventions adaptées aux données cliniques et anatomiques du patient qui a une pancréatite chronique. La duodénopancréatectomie céphalique est l'élément essentiel de cette panoplie. On doit en préciser les indications et les limites. La duodénopancréatectomie céphalique (opération de Wipple) donne d'excellents résultats pour soulager la douleur de la pancréatite chronique. L'incidence des réopérations nécessaires après cette intervention pour soulager la douleur est bien moindre qu'après les anastomoses pancréaticojéjunales. Dans la littérature récente, la mortalité est de moins de 2%. La résection du parenchyme diminue la fonction pancréatique, les déficits métaboliques sont en partie compensés l'amélioration de l'état nutritionnel, conséquence du soulagement de la douleur et de l'arrêt de la prise d'antalgiques. En mains expérimentées, la duodénopancréatectomie paraît le procédé de choix chez les patients dont le canal a un petit calibre. Chez certains patients sélectionnés, elle est indiquée quand la maladie prédomine dans la tête et/ou dans le procédé unciné, surtout s'il existe aussi une sténose du cholédoque et du duodénum. Les auteurs préfèrent pratiquer ce procédé en cas de masse inflammatoire chronique dans la tête du pancréas. Dans notre expérience, la duodénopancréatectomie est aussi indiquée s'il y suspicion de cancer. Avant d'entreprendre ce type de résection, le chirurgien doit interroger ses capacités car il est essentiel de ne pas augmenter le risque couru par le patient. L'alcoolique qui continue à boire ne doit pas être candidat à la duodénopancréatectomie. On devrait de même refuser les malades accoutumés aux antalgiques mais on rencontre peu de nos jours ce type de patients. Dans l'expérience des auteurs, cette intervention soulage la douleur: ce qui compte le plus, c'est la qualité de la vie de l'opéré.
    Abstract: Resumen El armamentario del cirujano de pancreas debe incluír múltiples técnicas operatorias capaces de ser adaptadas a los diferentes cuadros chínicos y anatómicos que se presentan en el paciente con pancreatitis crónica. La pancreaticoduodenectomía es un componente esencial de tal armamentario; sus indicaciones y limitaciones requieren un continuado refinamiento. La pancreaticoduodenectomía (operación de Whipple) da excelentes resultados en cuanto al control del dolor en la pancreatitis crónica. La tasa de reoperación para control del dolor con este procedimiento es menor que con los procedimientos de drenaje. La tasa de mortalidad postoperatoria en reportes recientes es de menos del 2%. A pesar de que la resección del tejido pancreático disminuye la función pancreática, los déficits metabólicos son parcialmente compensados por un mejor estado nutritional consecuente al control del dolor y a descontinuar los narcóticos. En manos expertas la pancreaticoduodenectomía parece ser el procedimiento de elección en pacientes con canales pancreáticos pequeños. En casos seleccionados aparece como un buen procedimiento, y tal vez como la operatión de escogencia, cuando la enfermedad esta primordialmente localizada sobre la cabeza y/o el proceso uncinado del páncreas y especialmente cuando hay estrecheces del colédoco y el duodeno. Los autores prefieren este procedimiento cuando se presenta una masa firme de inflamación crónica en la cabeza del páncreas. En nuestra experiencia, si durante la operación persiste la sospecha de neoplasia maligna, la pancreaticoduodenectomía es el procedimiento de elección. Antes de emprender el procedimiento, el cirujano debe valorar su propia experiencia individual; un bajo riesgo es prerrequisito esencial. El alcohólico persistente no es candidato para pancreaticoduodenectomía, y aquellas personas que no dejen de tomar muy rara vez deben ser aceptadas para operación. Las mismas limitaciones existen para el adicto a los narcóticos, pero pocos de estos pacientes se presentan en la actualidad. En la experiencia del autor la operación es excelente en cuanto al control del dolor. Realmente es el estilo de vida del alcohólico consuetudinario el problema de mayor significacion en el manejo del paciente con pancreatitis crónica.
    Notes: Abstract The armamentarium of the pancreatic surgeon must include multiple operative techniques, to be adapted to the clinical and anatomical findings in the patient with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is an essential component of this armamentarium. Its indications and limitations require continued refinement. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple operation) provides excellent results in the relief of the pain of chronic pancreatitis. The incidence of reoperation for control of pain after this procedure is less than after drainage procedures. The postoperative mortality rate in recent reports is less than 2%. Whereas resection of pancreatic tissue diminishes pancreatic function, the metabolic deficits are partially compensated by the better nutritional status resulting from pain relief and discontinuation of narcotics. In experienced hands, pancreaticoduodenectomy would appear to be the procedure of choice in patients with small pancreatic ducts. In selected patients, it appears to be a good procedure and, possibly, the operation of choice when the disease is predominantly present in the head of the pancreas and/or the uncinate process, especially when strictures involve the common bile duct and duodenum. The authors prefer the procedure when a hard, chronically-inflamed mass is present in the head of the pancreas. In our experience, if the suspicion of malignancy of the head of the pancreas persists at operation, pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice. Before undertaking resection, the individual surgeon must assess his/her own experience; a low risk is essential. The continuing alcoholic is not a candidate for pancreaticoduodenectomy. Those who will not stop drinking should seldom be accepted for resection. The same limitation exists for the narcotic addict, but few such patients are encountered today. In the authors' experience, the operation is excellent for the relief of pain. It is the lifestyle of the continuing alcoholic that poses the more significant problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: esophageal manometry ; esophagitis ; omeprazole ; gastroesophageal reflux disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to prospectively determine if healing of esophagitis as assessed by endoscopy results in improved esophageal motility. Thirty-one patients with erosive esophagitis who were randomized to receive either omeprazole 20 mg once daily or placebo completed the double-blind study. All patients underwent endoscopy and esophageal motility before treatment and at four weeks after treatment. Twenty-two healthy volunteers underwent esophageal manometry and served as normal controls. Manometric tracings were coded, randomized, and analyzed blindly. Compared to normal controls, patients with esophagitis had significantly lower LESP, decreased amplitude of peristaltic contractions, and increased occurrence of abnormal contractions. Omeprazole was superior to placebo in healing of esophagitis. However, healing of esophagitis was not associated with any improvement in esophageal motility. The manometric data suggest that the motility disturbance seen in esophagitis is not secondary to the esophagitis but rather a primary phenomenon. The lack of improvement of esophageal motility with healing may explain the high recurrence of esophagitis in clinical trials following discontinuation of omeprazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 3 (1996), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1436-0691
    Keywords: Parapancreatic fat necrosis ; acute pancreatic necrosis ; retroperitoneal necrosis ; liquefaction of fat necrosis ; treatment of acute pancreatitic necrosis ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over a career, 76 patients with massive retroperitoneal necrosis associated with acute pancreatitis were initially treated conservatively. Seventy-one subsequently required operative debridement, between 18 days and 13 months after onset of the disease, including 3 who were explored within the first 2 weeks. In the absence of secondary infection, clinical evidence of toxemia was variable, sometimes relatively limited and occasionally minimal, even in association with large amounts of necrotic tissue. In almost all patients the necrotic tissue consisted chiefly of adipose tissue in the retroperitoneum, including the intramesenteric spaces. In 2 patients, the parapancreatic and retroperitoneal mass appeared to consist predominantly of old, partially liquefied blood clots. Liquefaction of necrotic tissue occasionally proceeded extremely slowly over a period of months. In no patient, up to a maximal lapse of 13 months, was liquefaction complete at the time of exploration. Of the 76 consecutive patients with massive retroperitoneal necrosis, managed by delayed and often frequent debridement, 2 patients (2.6%) died. An occasional patient had significant necrosis of the pancreas, per se; approximately 90% did not. Necrotic retroperitoneal adipose tissue or associated hematoma may prove quite toxic, but was sometimes well tolerated over a prolonged period. The advent of secondary infection leads rapidly to toxemia and, possibly, to an increased rate of liquefaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 673-684 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; 3H-methyl scopolamine ; Amylase release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maximal amylase release occurred with 10-5 M carbachol and slightly greater than half maximal response occurred with 3×10-7 M carbachol in dispersed pancreatic acini. The preparation released more than 45% of its initial amylase content after 60 min of maximal carbachol stimulation. Electron microscopy revealed depletion of zymogen granules and the presence of secretory material in the ductules after carbachol stimulation. At 37° C, maximal binding of methyl scopolamine occurred in about 45 min with 3×10-10 M 3H-methyl scopolamine. The dissociation constant for 3H-methyl scopolamine was 6.8×10-10 M and saturation occurred at 109 pm/g protein. The I.C. 50 for 3H-methyl scopolamine inhibition of carbachol-induced amylase secretion was 7 × 10-10 M.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 150 (1964), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An anomaly of the termination of the aorta is described which is apparently unique. The aorta divided directly into two internal iliac arteries and two external iliac arteries.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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