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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annulation of .alpha.-formyl .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones by a Michael addition-cyclization sequence. A versatile synthesis of alicyclic six-membered rings (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 50 (1985), S. 438-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00204a003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ECOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF INSECT HYDROCARBONS * (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 50 (2005), S. 371-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Đ?“ Abstract?? This review covers selected literature from 1982 to the present on some of the ecological, behavioral, and biochemical aspects of hydrocarbon use by insects and other arthropods. Major ecological and behavioral topics are species- and gender-recognition, nestmate recognition, task-specific cues, dominance and fertility cues, chemical mimicry, and primer pheromones. Major biochemical topics include chain length regulation, mechanism of hydrocarbon formation, timing of hydrocarbon synthesis and transport, and biosynthesis of volatile hydrocarbon pheromones of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. In addition, a section is devoted to future research needs in this rapidly growing area of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130359
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical ecology ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) andR. virginicus (Banks) (Rhinotermitidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 7 (1981), S. 717-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Reticulitermes flavipes ; R. virginicus ; cephalic extracts ; γ1-cadinene ; γ1-cadinene aldehyde ; soldiers ; Rhinotermitidae ; Isoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Reticulitermes flavipes andR. virginicus have been examined for the presence and possible defense functions of soldiers specific secretions. The cephalic extracts for soldiers of both species contained the identical two major sesquiterpenes which were absent from other castes. The sesquiterpenes have been identified as γ1-cadinene (I) and the corresponding aldehyde (II) by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry using homonuclear proton decoupling and by high-resolution mass spectrometry. When groups of termite soldiers were exposed to foraging parties of the sympatric native fire ant,Solenopsis geminata, the termites utilized only mechanical defenses. No evidence was obtained to indicate that the ants had been sprayed or coated with either an irritant or toxicant, and there was no evidence that an alarm had been promulgated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons of the eastern subterranean termite,Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Caste ; methyl-branched hydrocarbons ; alkenes ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; Isoptera ; Rhinotermitidae ; termite ; eastern subterranean termite ; cuticles ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; methoxy ether derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Major cuticular hydrocarbon components in several castes ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) have been identified and quantitated. Types of hydrocarbons present includen-alkanes, 2-methylalkanes, 3-methylalkanes, 5-methylalkanes, an alkene, and an alkadiene, with a range in carbon numbers from C21 to C26, This is the first report on insect cuticular hydrocarbons in which both 2- and 3-methylalkanes are present, as well as the first report of an insect with a conjugated alkadiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive chemistry of the flour beetleTribolium brevicornis (LeC): (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1707-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; Tribolium brevicornis ; prostaglandin ; allomones ; synthetase inhibitor ; defensive secretion ; 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone ; 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxypropiophenone ; methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate ; methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-efhylbenzoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretion ofTribolium brevicornis contains 12 organic components, including quinones, hydroquinones, hydrocarbons, aromatic ketones, and aromatic esters. The two ketones, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone and 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxypropiophenone, and the two esters, methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoate, represent ca. 0.25% of the biomass of the beetles. Mass spectral and NMR analyses were used to elucidate the structures of all components. The ketones are potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PSI), and the esters are suspected to be PSI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectral determination of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids using 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; pheromones ; methyl esters ; N,N-dimethylhydrazones ; N,N-dimethylhydrazine ; mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of nanogram to milligram quantities of aliphatic aldehydes, fatty acids, and unhindered aliphatic ketones such as those typically found in pheromonal blends have been effected by treating these mixtures with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The aldehydes and ketones formN,N-dimethylhydrazones, while the fatty acids form methyl esters. Structural elucidation of the reaction products was achieved using EI and CI gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411416
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry as a convenient microanalytical technique for double-bond location in insect-derived alkenes (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alkenes ; mercuration-demercuration ; methoxyethers ; mass spectrometry ; insect hydrocarbons ; honeybee
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The positions of double bonds in olefins can be readily determined by a sodium borohydride reduction of their methoxymercuration products followed by mass spectrometry. Fragmentation of the methoxy derivative in the mass spectrometer results in cleavage on either side of the methoxy group to give intense fragment ions which are characteristic of each isomer. This simple and convenient microanalytical technique was applied to several synthetic standards and insect derived olefins, including the alkenes from the cuticular lipids of the honeybeeApis mellifera L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987544
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1227-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Caste ; methyl-branched hydrocarbons ; Reticulitermes virginicus ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; Isoptera ; termites ; Rhinotermitidae ; methoxy ethers ; mass spectra ; NMR spectra ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular hydrocarbon components of four castes ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) have been identified and quantitated. Components identified includen-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl-alkanes; 11,15-dimethylalkanes, (Z)-9-alkenes; (Z,Z)-7,9-dienes; and (E/Z)-6,9-dienes ranging in carbon number from C21 to C40. All caste forms ofR.virginicus contained the same components, but showed caste-specific proportions. Comparison of these hydrocarbons with those of the sympatric termiteR. flavipes (Kollar) suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste-recognition cues. A bioassay was developed to test this species-recognition hypothesis, with the experimental results supporting the hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990755
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 609-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Methyl-branched alkanes ; dimethyl-branched alkanes ; paraffins ; chemical ionization mass spectra ; molecular ions ; molecular weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract GC-CI-MS is shown to be the method of choice for determining the molecular weight of every component in complex alkane mixtures such as those found on insect cuticle. It also provides branch point information. The technique was applied to a number of normal and methyl-branched synthetic alkanes, as well as to the hydrocarbons from the termiteReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), the cricketGryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, and the beetleLasioderma serricorne (Fabricius).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987673
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of lipids in the salivary glands of Amblyomma americanum (L.): Detection of a high level of arachidonic acid (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23 (1993), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: fatty acids ; phospholipids ; prostaglandins ; ticks ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analysis of lipids in salivary glands of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, demonstrated that arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) comprises 8% of all fatty acids identified by gas chromatography. The occurrence of arachidonic acid and other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in tick salivary glands was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arachidonate is located entirely in the phospholipid fraction and is associated exclusively with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Salivary glands stored and frozen for several months had a similar lipid composition as freshly dissected salivary glands, with the exception of a small amount of free arachidonic acid and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine. Incubation of salivary gland homogenates with snake venom phospholipase A2 showed that most saturated fatty acids are esterified in the sn-1 position of PC and PE, with the unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position. Approximately 75% of arachidonic acid is in the sn-2 position of PC and PE, adding support to the hypothesis that arachidonic acid is released into the cytoplasm after activation of a phospholipase A2 for subsequent metabolism to prostaglandins and/or other eicosanoids. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940230106
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