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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arecoline Desensitizes Carbachol-Stimulated Phosphatidylinositol Breakdown in Rat Brain Cortices (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To understand the effects of arecoline administration on the muscarinic cholinergic signaling pathway, rats were injected with arecoline, 10 mg/kg i.p., and the carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown in rat brain cortical slices was examined. In vivo administration of arecoline resulted in inhibition of carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in rat brain cortical slices. Arecoline was a partial agonist with peak effects of 30% of the maximum as obtained with carbachol. Coaddition of arecoline inhibited the carbachol-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown. Pretreatment of rat brain cortical slices with arecoline in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of carbachol-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate accumulation. The inhibition occurred rapidly, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 15 min and maximal inhibition achieved within 60 min. The inhibition of phosphoinositide breakdown was recovered 1 h after arecoline was removed. When synaptoneurosomes were used for the ligand binding studies, arecoline pretreatment was found to have decreased the maximal ligand binding (Bmax) without inducing any marked change in binding affinity (KD). The influence could be recovered by incubating the synaptoneurosomes in the absence of arecoline for 2 h. Taken together, these data suggest that the underlying mechanism by which phosphoinositide turnover is inhibited is arecoline-induced receptor sequestration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70031189.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contour image sequence compression through motion analysis and hybrid coding method (1992)
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 3 (1992), S. 267-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Keywords: contour image sequence ; motion analysis algorithm (MAA) ; correspondence finding ; vectorgraph coding ; object-oriented image subsequence (OOS) ; object-oriented motion parameter estimation ; hybrid coding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a motion analysis algorithm (MAA) and a hybrid coding method for contour image sequence compression. The contour image sequence consists of objects moving and rotating in a 3-D world with occlusion, shape, and size variations from frame to frame. The MAA separates the moving image sequence into several object-oriented subsequences (OOSs). In each OOS, the component is either stationary or moves smoothly, and the motion parameters can be easily estimated. The first and last frames of OOS are key frames, and the others are in-between frames. The key frames are unpredictable, and the entire frames need to be encoded. The in-between frames are compensable, and they are encoded by the motion parameter coding. The hybrid coder uses vectorgraph coding to remove spatial redundancy of the key frames and motion parameter coding to reduce the temporal redundancy of the OOSs. The motion parameters are encoded as combinations of 2-D translation, 2-D rotation, and scaling. There are many applications for contour image sequence compression. The cartoon image sequence (a sequence of line drawing sketches) and the high-frame-rate videophone for sign language transmission are good examples. Experiments show that our method encodes the contour image sequence at a very high compression ratio without losing intelligibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942045
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sign language recognition using model-based tracking and a 3D Hopfield neural network (1998)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 10 (1998), S. 292-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Key words:Gesture recognition – Model-based tracking – Feature extraction – 3D Hopfield neural network (HNN) – Hausdorff distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. This paper presents a sign language recognition system which consists of three modules: model-based hand tracking, feature extraction, and gesture recognition using a 3D Hopfield neural network (HNN). The first one uses the Hausdorff distance measure to track shape-variant hand motion, the second one applies the scale and rotation-invariant Fourier descriptor to characterize hand figures, and the last one performs a graph matching between the input gesture model and the stored models by using a 3D modified HNN to recognize the gesture. Our system tests 15 different hand gestures. The experimental results show that our system can achieve above 91% recognition rate, and the recognition process time is about 10 s. The major contribution in this paper is that we propose a 3D modified HNN for gesture recognition which is more reliable than the conventional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001380050080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The model-based dynamic hand posture identification using genetic algorithm (1999)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 11 (1999), S. 107-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Key words:Inverse kinematics – Reach tree – Alignment measure – Genetic algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. This paper proposes a new hand posture identification system which applies genetic algorithm to develop an efficient 3D hand-model-fitting method. The 3D hand-model-fitting method consists of (1) finding the closed-form inverse kinematics solution, (2) defining the alignment measure function for the wrist-fitting process, and (3) applying genetic algorithm to develop the dynamic hand posture identification process. In contrast to the conventional computationally intensive hand-model-fitting methods, we develop an off-line training process to find the closed-form inverse kinematics solution functions, and a fast model-based hand posture identification process. In the experiments, we will illustrate that our hand posture identification system is very effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001380050095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The design of 2-D nonseparable directional perfect reconstruction filter banks (1994)
    Springer
    Multidimensional systems and signal processing 5 (1994), S. 289-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0824
    Keywords: directional spectrum decomposition ; nonseparable ; perfect reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we develop a directional 2-D nonseparable filter bank that can perfectly reconstruct the downsampled subband signals. The filter bank represents two powerful image and video processing tools: directional subband decomposition and perfect reconstruction. The directional filter banks consist of (1) the input signal and the subband signals modulation, (2) diamond shape prefilter, and (3) four different parallelogram shape prefilters. This paper addresses the design and implementation of a two-band filter bank that is proved to be able to provide perfect reconstruction of the downsampled subband signals. Finally, we use a conventional 1-D half-band filter as a prototype and then apply the McClellan transform for the specific 2-D diamond shape and parallelogram shape subfilters. This method is extremely simple in designing the analysis/synthesis subfilters for the filter bank.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980711
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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