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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperpolarizabilities of the m-substituent phenyl amine based chromophores determined from the hyper-Rayleigh scattering and two photon absorption induced fluorescence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5996-6001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The technique of hyper-Rayleigh scattering is used to determine and compare the first hyperpolarizabilities (β) of five structurally similar m-substituent phenyl-amine based chromophores using both internal and external standards. Contribution from the two photon absorption induced fluorescence to the observed signal is carefully removed. The chromophores with the m-substituted phenyl ring, that stabilizes the maximal charge-transfer state through resonance effect, are found to have larger static β values and redshifted electronic absorption peaks (λmax) compared with the para-nitroaniline (pNA) chromophore. The electron-withdrawing m-substituent of the chromophore is found to have the effect of reducing both the β and λmax values. Its effect on β is less pronounced when the π-electron reservoir is large. The enhancement of β value and the redshift λmax are observed to be consistent with the extent of the π electron delocalization. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363597
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature variation of the refractive index of potassium niobate (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3399-3402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Use was made of a novel Fabry–Pérot interferometer technique to determine the variation of refractive index with temperature (∂n/∂T) of a potassium niobate crystal with a GaAlAs diode laser. The transverse intensity distributions of the laser transmitted through the crystal were found to be temperature dependent, and the ∂n/∂T values along crystallographic b and c axes were determined to be −4.5×10−5 and 6.1×10−5 °C−1, respectively. The temperature changes required for tangential tuning from transverse mode TEMqmn to TEMqm+1n and sagittal tuning from TEMqmn to TEMqmn+1 were found to be 0.29 and 1.27 °C, respectively, when the laser was polarized along the b axis. When the laser polarization was along the c axis, the tangential and sagittal tunings were found to be 0.10 and 0.54 °C, respectively. These differences between the tangential and sagittal directions indicated that the monolithic ring resonator used was indeed asymmetric. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359538
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ruby spectral band-profile analysis for temperature sensing (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 3599-3606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spectral band profiles of the E¯→4A2g and 2A¯→4A2g transitions of Cr3+ in Al2O3, i.e., the commonly known ruby 6943 A(ring) (R1) and 6929 A(ring) (R2) emission lines, in the temperature range 10–300 K were recorded and deconvoluted numerically with excellent accuracy into a Lorentzian (homogeneous) component and a Gaussian component. The Gaussian width was taken as arising from sample inhomogeneity and spectrometer slit function, and as expected was found to be independent of temperature. The Lorentzian width was found to vary with temperature in accordance with the two-phonon relaxation processes reported previously, plus a thermal broadening process. While the former processes were quenched completely as temperature was lowered to about 90 K, the latter process, describable with the Debye–Waller factor, still caused a Lorentzian width of about 0.2 cm−1 (for both R1 and R2 lines) which then leveled out quickly to about 0.1 cm−1 as the temperature was lowered further. For temperatures above 100 K, the positions of the R1 and R2 lines were found to have the same temperature dependence as that reported previously. The use of the temperature dependencies of Lorentzian width and line position for temperature sensing was discussed; such an instrument could indeed be made portable because of the simple optical and electronic systems used in our experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356071
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime determination for high-lying excited states using Z scan (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2266-2268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a method of determining the lifetimes of the high-lying excited singlet states of dye molecules in solution. The method is based on the Z-scan technique and the observation of saturation of excited state absorption in dye solutions using laser pulses having Gaussian temporal and spatial distributions. This leads to the important finding that the use of laser pulses as long as tens of picosecond can resolve subpicosecond lifetimes. The method is demonstrated by measuring an upper excited singlet state lifetime of 900 fs using 30 ps full width at half maximum input pulses on a chloroaluminum phthalocyanine dye. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic energy dissipation in chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine/methanol system following nonlinear interaction with a train of picosecond pulses (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 2536-2541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the Z-scan technique, we study the nonlinear interaction of a dilute methanolic solution of chloro-aluminum phthalyocyanine with a ∼70 ns long train of laser pulses, each of 18 ps duration. The observations are explained by taking into account, in addition to the photoexcitation of a ground state molecule by a single pulse, thermal lensing and photoabsorption by an excited molecule (singlet or triplet) produced by previous pulses. A microscopic picture of the heating process in the solution is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1431581
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signs of nonlinear refraction in chloroaluminum phthalocyanine solution (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2505-2507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Opposite signs of nonlinear refraction in chloroaluminum (ClAl) phthalocyanine (Pc) dissolved in methanol are observed using the Z-scan technique with two output modes of a frequency-doubled, Q-switched, mode-locked Nd:YAG laser operating at 10 Hz. Using the single picosecond (ps) pulses switched out of the pulse trains, positive nonlinear refraction is observed and attributed to population transitions among ClAlPc's singlet states. Using the full nanosecond pulse trains, a sign change of nonlinear refraction relative to that of single ps-pulse excitation is observed, and is attributed to the heat-induced temperature rise and the population relaxing to ClAlPc's triplet states. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New singlets in the phthalocyanines (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 85 (1981), S. 3322-3326 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150622a023
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of photophysics using the Z-scan technique: lifetime determination for high-lying excited states (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 1495-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a novel method of determining the lifetimes of the high-lying excited singlet states of dye molecules in solution. The method is based on simulating the Z-scan technique with ground-state and excited-state absorptions of an incident laser pulse having Gaussian temporal and spatial distributions. This leads to the important finding that the use of laser pulses as long as tens of picoseconds can resolve subpicosecond lifetime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326220
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