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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 39 (1994), S. 2729-2741 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Keywords: EHD impedance ; electrocrystallization ; partially blocked electrode. ; silver thiosulphate complexes ; surface roughness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 30 (1985), S. 1399-1401 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Deposition of silver from electrolyte solutions is of major importance in the industrial applications of photographic development and electroplating. Prior to the kinetic study of the reduction of silver thiosulphate complexes, the concentrations, activities and activity coefficients of all components formed in AgNO3-Na2S2O3-NaNO3 solutions are calculated, starting from the measurement of the equilibrium potential. In view of the high ionic strength of the solutions (greater than 0.1 mol kg−1), the ion interaction model is applied for the estimation of the activity coefficients, inevitably imposing the use of an iterative calculation routine. The activity coefficients are shown to comply with known thermodynamic laws, supporting the appropriateness of the model, together with the approximations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 396-403 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the thermodynamic data for complex formation between Ag+ and S2O3 2− ions, determined previously, are applied to kinetic investigation of the reduction of silver thiosulphate complexes. Both electrochemical (linear sweep voltammetry on a rotating disc electrode) and surface analytical (Auger electron spectroscopy) techniques are used. The deposits resulting from the electrodeposition of silver thiosulphate complexes are shown to be composed of silver and to be polycrystalline. The reduction follows a mechanism involving mass and charge transfer and chemical reaction steps. The relevant kinetic parameters are calculated and a rate equation describing the kinetics of the reduction is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A wall jet electrode reactor possessing a laminar flow regime, suitable for mechanistic studies, is reported. This reactor is different from those described in the literature in the size of its working electrode surface area. The reactor is evaluated by means of mass transport-limited current measurements using as a model reaction the reduction of ferricyanide ions at a platinum electrode surface from a 0.01 m K3Fe(CN)6-0.01 m K4Fe(CN)6 solution containing 1 m KCl as supporting electrolyte. The dependence of the mass transport-limited current on the crucial reactor parameters — the volume flow rate V f (m3 s−1), the nozzle diameter a (m) and the radius of the working electrode R (m) — is established and verified by theoretical predictions. The reactor is shown to have the desired wall jet hydrodynamics for: 1.6 × 10−6 ⩽ V f ⩽ 4.3 × 10−6 m3 s−1, 1.5 × 10−3 ⩽ a ⩽ 3 × 10−3 m and 1.5 × 10−2 ⩽ R ⩽ 2 × 10−2 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A numerical computational method to solve the problems of mass transport to the impinged surface of a wall-jet electrode reactor is put forward, thus providing the necessary tool for a quantitative electrochemical investigation of the mechanism of electrode processes, using a wall-jet electrode reactor as a hydrodynamic electrode system. The computational method is based on a second order-correct implicit finite difference approach and a coordinate transformation making a simple Cartesian space discretization compatible with efficient computing, thus allowing the computations to be performed on a personal computer. The computational approach is demonstrated through calculation of a single step chronoamperometric transient for a simple one electron transfer reaction and shown to be accurate by comparing the computed with experimentally determined current transients using as a model reaction the reduction of ferricyanide ions at a platinum electrode surface from a 0.01 m K3Fe(CN)6-0.01 m K4Fe(CN)6 solution containing l m KCl as supporting electrolyte
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium oxidation ; electrolytic graining ; reaction mechanisms ; wall-jet electrode reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of the a.c. electrolytic graining of aluminium in hydrochloric acid is determined from the analysis of the potentiostatic transient behaviour of the system aluminium–electrolyte under anodic and cathodic polarization and comparison of experimentally determined transients with calculated values derived from a candidate mechanistic scheme. It has been established, that the oxidation of aluminium in the development of a distinct surface morphology occurs according to the Al3+ ions being dissolved from the surface and removed to the bulk of the solution, hence forming pits. Al(Cl)3 is a solid intermediate. The morphology developed, is determined by the excess of Cl− ions created at the electrode surface, with respect to the bulk concentration. The accumulation of Cl− ions is governed by the ratio between the rate constant for the formation of Al(Cl)3, set by the flux of charges forced across the electrode–solution interface per unit surface area taking part in the active dissolution of aluminium and the mass transport rate of the Cl− ions. The reduction of H+ ions in the cathodic half period of the applied alternating current is mass transport controlled. The concomitant rise in interfacial pH causes Al3+ ions formed in the preceding anodic half period, which are not yet removed from the electrode–solution interface, to precipitate as aluminium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 209-219 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: coulometric stripping ; Fe–Zn phases ; galvannealed coatings ; TiNb (IF) steels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The characterization of different Fe–Zn phases present in a galvannealed coating has been a challenging area of research in recent years. There have been doubts about the validity of the results obtained by electrochemical stripping because the data cannot be used for straightforward phase identification and because quantification needs to take into account the effect of various electrochemical side-reactions. The optimization of the electrochemical stripping method (also known as coulometric dissolution) and its use as a routine analysis method is reported. It is shown that the method allows the determination of the total Fe concentration, and the thickness and composition of the η, ζ, δ and Γ phases. Coulometric data obtained on a large number of TiNb interstitial free (IF) galvannealed samples were compared with the total iron and zinc concentrations determined by ICP-MS. Validation of the results was done by ICP–MS and EPMA. The coulometric method was verified on a large number of industrially produced galvannealed coatings and pilot line simulated galvannealed coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 717-722 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The properties of oxide formed on pure aluminium in acetate buffers under controlledpotential, temperature, and pH are characterized by in situ electrochemical techniques andspectroscopic visual ellipsometry (VISSE). Monitoring the current density (cd) during transitionbetween different applied potentials gives direct information about Faradaic changes in the oxideproperties, while the ellipsometer monitors the changes in the actual thickness and refractiveindex of the film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals, in addition to filmproperties, information about the charge transfer processes and adsorption at steady-stateconditions. VISSE and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate the presenceof a two layered oxide structure, consisting of the barrier and a porous hydrated layer. Thethickness and density of these two layers are monitored in situ during growth and dissolution.The thickness of the barrier layer depends reversibly on the applied potential, while the thicknessof the hydrated layer is less affected by the potential. The absorption sensitive parameter iscorrelated with the buffer concentration and therefore believed to be related to the acetate
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 483-489 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Factor analysis was applied to Auger sputter profiles of tungsten carbide and nitride samples. It is shown that very weak differences in the shapes of the metal peaks due to the presence of C and N can be isolated unambiguously by factor analysis. The different chemical states of carbon, nitrogen and tungsten were clearly identified.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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