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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subwavelength Raman spectroscopy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1671-1673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Near-field Raman spectroscopy has been performed on liquid CCl4. The spectrum, obtained through an aperture significantly smaller (λ/10) than the exciting wavelength (514.5 nm) with a good signal-to-noise ratio, presents polarization effects that are different from the far-field spectrum. The tip is shown to be polarized at 99.9% by the Raman near field. If the probe is modeled as a single dielectric sphere, the estimated Raman near-field amplitude amounts to about 103 V m−1. The frustration of the Raman near field by the probe allows to record the Raman spectrum of only 0.4 attomol, or 240 000 mol. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118665
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step towards sum frequency generation spectromicroscopy at a submicronic spatial resolution (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A near-field optical device has been developed to collect sum frequency signal, generated in an AsGa single crystal sample by two pulsed lasers, one fixed at a wavelength of 532 nm and the other tunable in midinfrared. The sum frequency signal was collected with an uncoated silica tip. When the tip sample distance was increased, a strong decrease of the collected sum frequency signal was observed: the signal was divided by 2 for an increase of about 100 nm of the distance between the nanoprobe end and the sample surface. Without demonstrating submicronic lateral spatial resolution, this letter is, however, a first step towards a microscopic device of sum frequency generation spectroscopy. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1334918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effect on a tilted birefringent filter in a tunable laser: A limitation for Raman spectroscopy (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 5702-5706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature effect on the wave number selected by a tilted birefringent filter inside a dye laser cavity is measured and theoretically discussed. For a quartz plate at Brewster angle, the wave-number shift is observed between 1.1 and 1.35 cm−1 K−1 according to the angle between the crystal optical axis and the incident plane. A thorough calculation is fully in agreement with these results: the main part of the shift is related to the variation of refractive indices, but both the thickness expansion and the wavelength disperson of indices moderate the temperature effect. The observed shift is still larger than the width at half height of the exciting line necessary for Raman spectroscopy. A filter with three plates whose thicknesses are in ratio 1:4:16, which transmits a band of satisfactory width, cannot be used however if a rigorous temperature stability is not achieved. A practical solution is found by combining a 1:4 filter and a Fabry–Perot étalon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343638
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposition au styrène (1979)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1979), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Styrène, exposure to ; Metabolites, excretion of ; Percentage studies ; Biological monitoring ; Half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to determine the quantities and percentages of styrène metabolites excreted in urine, five male subjects were given five controlled exposures to styrène, each of 8 h, at 206 and 103 ppm. The experiment showed that about 92 o/o of styrene is metabolized in the body. Of the amount absorbed, 54 o/o is eliminated in the urine as phenylglyoxylic acid and 37 o/o as mandelic acid. Neither differences between the individual subjects nor the exposure concentration seem greatly to influence elimination of the solvent. These urinary metabolites may therefore be used as biological indicators of exposure to styrène.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377776
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of trichloracetic acid and trichlorethanol by gas chromatography (1976)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 36 (1976), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Trichlorethylene metabolites GLC determination ; Methylating reagent ; Halogenated hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple, reproductible, accurate and rapid method is developed for the simultaneous determination of trichloracetic acid and trichlorethanol concentrations in urine. The analytical procedure is based on the extraction of the halogenated hydrocarbons with ether containing the internal standard and on a rapid methylation of the trichloracetic acid with 3-methyl-l-p-tolyltriazene at room temperature. The hydrolysis of urochloralic acid (β,β,β,-trichloroethyl-d-glucuronide) is carried out with concentrated sulfuric acid. After dilution with hexane, the GLC analysis is conducted with an ECD detector whose high sensitivity allows the determination of concentrations smaller than 1 mg/l. A statistical study shows a good reproductibility for the determination of trichloracetic acid and trichlorethanol concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 6 mg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409354
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,1,1-Trichloroethane exposure, biologic monitoring by breath and urine analyses (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 293-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane ; Kinetic model ; Exposure monitoring ; Biologic monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Absorption and excretion of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, as well as the kinetics of formation and elimination of trichloroethanol (TCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were simulated by a mathematical model. The results of this model were compared with experimental ones on pulmonary elimination of the solvent and urinary excretion of the metabolites. The influences of duration and repetition of exposure on the pulmonary and urinary eliminations were studied. A tentative method of biologic monitoring is proposed. Theoretically, the most suitable method to estimate the exposure is by two determinations, before and after a work shift. Following this procedure, analysis of TCE in the urine is more sensitive than determination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the breath. As an indicator of exposure risk, TCA is not considered sensitive enough if variations in the inspired concentration occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of polymer films by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy: Characterization of terminal carboxyl functionalities (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1305-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: infrared spectra of PET film from diffuse reflectance ; poly(ethylene terephthalate), polymerization rate study by diffuse reflectance FTIR of ; carboxyl terminal functionalities in polymerizing PET films from FTIR study ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the diffuse reflectance mode was used to study polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The polymer film (12 μm, molecular weight M1 = 18,000) was placed on a finely powdered KBr matrix, used as a reference. Infrared spectra exhibited a new band at 1684 cm-1, not usually reported in the literature. This band is assigned to the C—O stretching vibration of a terminal acidic function in the presence of internal hydrogen bonds. In the carbonyl region, artifacts created by specular reflection are also discussed. The assignment of the band at 1684 cm-1 is confirmed by transmission measurements on the overtone of carbonyl group (3335 cm-1), using polymer films with thicknesses greater than 200 μm and by comparison with polymer of different molecular weight. These acidic functions can be used to monitor the rate of polymerization. It is therefore possible to obtain information on the polymerization rate of PET films, using diffuse reflectance and transmission analysis, directly on the solid. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090301201
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