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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of hydrolysed potato starch by juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., when using a restricted feeding regime (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 56-day growth trial was conducted to study the utilization of hydrolysed potato starch by juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. using a restricted feeding regime. Two diets supplemented with either 15% or 30% hydrolysed potato starch and a control diet without carbohydrate supplementation were each fed to triplicate groups of salmon. Feeding rate varied from 1.4% to 2.0% of body weight per day, so that fish were fed similar amounts of protein and lipid. In spite of the restricted feeding used, no growth stimulation was measured as a consequence of the additional starch intake. No variation was found in protein utilization, measured as protein efficiency ratio values (PER), while feed utilization showed decreased values as starch intake increased. Plasma glucose concentrations did not vary as a consequence of increased starch intake when measured 24 h after feeding, indicating efficient regulation of plasma glucose. In fish fed the 30% starch, the plasma triacylglycerol concentration was significantly increased, which may point to de novo lipid synthesis from the high starch intake. No variation was found in plasma cholesterol or protein concentrations, or asparagine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. This shows that the fish health status and liver function were normal (no mortality was registered). Liver and muscle showed increased glycogen levels as a function of increased starch intake. The same diets were also fed to juvenile white sturgeon Acipencer transmontanus and hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. These results are presented separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00436.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ration and body size on the energy budget of juvenile white sturgeon (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Growth and energy budget were measured for three sizes (2.4, 11.1 and 22.5 g) of juvenile white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus held at 18.5° C and fed tubificid worms at different levels ranging from starvation to ad libitum. For each size-class, specific growth rate increased linearly with increasing ration, and conversion efficiency was highest at the maximum ration. Growth rate decreased with increasing fish size at the maximum ration, but increased with size at each restricted ration. Conversion efficiency increased with increasing ration for each size-class and was usually highest at the maximum ration. Faecal production accounted for 3.2–5.2% of food energy. The proportion of food energy lost in nitrogenous excretion decreased with increasing ration. With increases in ration, the allocation of metabolizable energy to metabolism decreased, while that to growth increased. Fish size had no significant effect on the allocation of metabolizable energy to metabolism or growth. At the maximum ration, on average 64.9% of metabolizable energy was spent on metabolism, and 35.1% on growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00085.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing Yields and Proximate Composition of Cultured White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 54 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cultured white sturgeon, 10–43 months old, were processed into dressed fish, fillets, and steaks. Edible portions from four age classes were analyzed for proximate composition. Round weight yields were: eviscerated, 85–96%; dressed, 53–65%; steaked, 61–74%; skin-on fillets, 54–61%; and skinless fillets, 32–50%. The proximate composition of the sturgeon averaged 77.3% moisture, 18.2% protein, 3.4% lipid, and 1.2% ash. Protein levels in 10–13-month-old fish were significantly lower than in 32–34- and 43-month-old sturgeon. Lipid levels in 10–13-month-old fish, and ash levels in 32–34-month-old sturgeon, were significantly higher than in other age classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb08605.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in protein mobilization between ventral and dorsal parts of white epaxial muscle from fed, fasted and refed white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of starvation-refeeding on protein mobilization in the lateral line, lateral (midway between lateral line and dorsum) and dorsal parts of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmonlanus) white epaxial muscle (type IIB) were compared by measuring muscle cross-sectional fibre areas. Effects on red (type I) and pink (type IIA) muscle were also studied. Fish starved throughout the experiment (5 weeks) showed a uniform response, i.e. the cross-sectional fibre area decreased at all sampled locations in the white muscle as well as in red and pink muscle. Fibre size in fish refed for 3 weeks after 2 weeks of fasting (S/F) was reduced mainly in the dorsal region of the white muscle. Starvation for 3 weeks after 2 weeks of initial feeding (F/S) also reduced fibre size mainly in the dorsal regions of the white muscle and in the pink muscle. The results indicate that in sturgeon exposed to short periods of low food availability, protein is utilized preferentially from trie more dorsal regions of the white epaxial muscle and from pink muscle. Protein in white muscle located closer to the lateral line and in red muscle seems to be spared. With the onset of refeeding, protein deposition occurred rapidly in pink muscle, but was delayed significantly in the dorsal part of the white muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00575.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and feed utilization by F4 human growth hormone transgenic carp fed diets with different protein levels (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The F4 generation of human growth hormone (hGH) transgenic red common carp Cyprinus carpio had significantly higher growth rates than the non-transgenic controls. Protein and energy intakes were significantly higher in the transgenic carp than in the controls fed the 20% protein diet, but were not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Faecal protein loss, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diets with 20 and 30% protein, but was not different between the two strains fed diet with 40% protein. Faecal energy loss, as a proportion of energy intake, was significantly lower in the transgenics than in the controls fed diet with 20% protein, but was not different between the two strains fed diets with 30 and 40% protein. Recovered protein, as a proportion of protein intake, was significantly higher in the transgenics than in the controls fed all diets, whereas recovered energy was significantly higher in the transgenic fish fed the 40% protein diet. For fish fed each diet, the transgenics had significantly higher body contents of dry matter and protein, but lower contents of lipid than the controls. It was concluded that transgenics were more efficient in utilizing dietary protein than the controls. At a lower dietary protein level, transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly by increasing feed intake; at higher levels of dietary protein, transgenics achieved higher growth rates mainly through a higher energy conversion efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00114.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dietary lipids on growth, fatty acid composition, intestinal absorption and hepatic storage in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus R.) larvae (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00371.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxidized fish oil, vitamin E and ethoxyquin on the histopathology and haematology of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Rainbow trout were fed for 24 weeks on practical diets containing varying concentrations of oxidized fish oil, with or without supplementation of vitamin E and ethoxyquin. Serum biochemistry, haematology and histopathology were investigated to measure the relative protection offered by vitamin E (DL–α–toco–pherol acetate) and/or a synthetic substitute (ethoxyquin), against highly or extremely oxidized oil with peroxide values of 120 or 314mEq/kg oil respectively. Groups fed highly or extremely oxidized oils without DL–α–tocopherol acetate supplementation, and with or without supplemental ethoxyquin, exhibited lower red blood cell numbers, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, and increased haemolysis. In addition, fish from these groups had increased, abnormally developing polychromatocytes, splenic haemosiderosis and hepatic ceroidosis. The results indicate that vitamin E protects better and at lower concentrations than does ethoxyquin, and that supplementation with 33 mg of DL–α–tocopherol acetate/kg is adequate to prevent vitamin E deficiency signs when feeding practical diets containing 7.5 % of a highly oxidized oil. Supplementation with ethoxyquin alone to diets containing highly oxidized oil appeared to exert partial protection, but did not increase the level of protection when added simultaneously with DL–α–tocopherol acetate. The data support the theory of a general antioxidant function for vitamin E, and suggest that mortalities ensuing from vitamin E deficiency are due to the cumulative effects of liver dysfunction and anaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00932.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-energy diets for white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four diets formulated for salmon were fed to 0.11 kg white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, for 8 weeks. Dietary compositions ranged from 258 to 402 g lipid kg−1, 535–378 g protein kg−1 and 22.7–14.4 g protein MJ−1 gross energy.Fish in all treatments grew rapidly, utilized the diets efficiently and had body compositions similar to what has been found in previous studies, but there were some dietary effects. Sturgeon fed the diet with the highest lipid content and lowest protein/energy ratio had lower (P 〈 0.05) specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and liver moisture and protein contents, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity, but higher liver lipid contents than fish fed the other three diets. Condition factor, organ to body weight ratios, whole-body and plasma concentrations of protein, glucose and triglyceride, and liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. This suggests that white sturgeon subyearlings can utilize diets with high lipid contents (258–357 g kg−1) to display good growth without major adverse effects on body composition and liver lipogenic enzyme activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00047.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and digestibility effects of soya lecithin and choline chloride on juvenile Atlantic salmon (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture nutrition 3 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fingerlings with a mean weight of 1.5 g were fed one of four casein-gelatine-based purified diets supplemented with soya lecithin (LC) and choline chloride (CH) for 84 days. The diets were supplemented with either: 0 g kg−1 CH and 0 g kg−1 LC, 0 g kg−1 CH and 30 g kg−1 LC, or 5 g kg−1 CH and 0 g kg−1 LC, or 5 g kg−1 CH and 30 g kg−1 LC. The same diets were also fed to 100-g salmon to assess the effects of LC and CH supplementation on digestibility. Fingerlings fed the diet with neither LC nor CH (0 g kg−1 LC and 0 g kg−1 CH) grew at a significantly slower rate than fish fed the supplemented diets. There were significant effects on growth of supplementation of both LC and CH. The results indicate that the choline requirement of Atlantic salmon fingerlings is satisfied by 4 g kg−1 inclusion in a gelatine-casein-based diet, and that dietary soya lecithin can fully replace choline chloride. The digestibility study with the larger fish indicated a beneficial effect of lecithin on the digestibility of both protein and energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.1997.00080.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histochemical changes in the digestive tract of white sturgeon larvae during ontogeny (1995)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 14 (1995), S. 357-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: sturgeon ; larvae ; ontogeny ; digestive system ; histology ; enzyme histochemistry ; brush border
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ontogenetic changes in digestive tract histology and digestive enzyme histochemistry were investigated 11 to 36 days post-hatch in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus larvae. From initiation of exogenous feeding (12 days post-hatch), larvae were fed a commercial salmonid diet for the ensuing 24 days. The digestive system of white sturgeon displayed a high degree of morphologic organization and functionality at the onset of exogenous feeding. An enhancement of digestive capacities occurred with transition to active feeding. On day 2 of feeding, there was a clear increase of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the brush border of the spiral intestine. This strong activity is an apparent confirmation of the importance of this segment of the intestine for protein digestion and nutrient absorption. The functional development of the pyloric intestine occurred on day 4 and was concomitant with an increase in the activity of brush border and cytoplasmic enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, dipeptidyl peptidase II, α- and β-galactosidases. The absence of acetylcholinesterase, lactase, nonspecific esterase, and weak activity of exopeptidases and alkaline phosphatase in the anterior intestine suggests that this segment of the intestine may be less important in nutrient absorption than the pyloric and spiral intestines. The observed quantitative and qualitative differences in enzyme activity along the intestine indicate a high degree of specialization of each segment for specific digestive and absorptive processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003374
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