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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly- and Monoclonal Antibodies Against Recombinant Rat Brain Calbindin D-28K Were Produced to Map Its Selective Distribution in the Central Nervous System (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Many processes in the CNS depend on calcium. The calcium signal is transduced into an intracellular response via Ca2+-binding proteins, including calbindin D-28K. In many laboratories, polyclonal antibodies against chicken in testinal calbindin D-28K have been used to study its localization in the brain (normal and degenerated) of various species, including humans, but some of these antisera cross-reacted with other proteins, including calretinin. We purified recombinant rat brain calbindin D-28K to raise antisera in rabbits and purified a recombinant rat–chicken calbindin D28K hybrid protein to immunize mice for the generation of monoclonal antibodies. These antisera were highly specific for calbindin D-28K, as demonstrated by two-dimensional Western blotting analysis. Immunohistochemical analyses combined with in situ hybridization studies demonstrated that calbindin D-28K in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum is independent of vitamin D. The antibodies described here will be important tools for studying the regulation of expression of calbindin D-28K and its biological function in the brain and in the PNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04879.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in Purkinje cell spines of calbindin D-28 k and parvalbumin knock-out mice (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The second messenger Ca2+ is known to act in a broad spectrum of fundamental cell processes, including modifications of cell shape and motility, through the intermediary of intracellular calcium-binding proteins. The possible impact of the lack of the intracellular soluble Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28 k (CB) was tested on spine morphology and topology in Purkinje cell dendrites of genetically modified mice. Three different genotypes were studied, i.e. PV or CB single knock-out (PV–/–, CB–/–) and PV and CB double knock-out mice (PV–/–CB–/–). Purkinje cells were microinjected with Lucifer Yellow and terminal dendrites scanned at high resolution with a confocal laser microscope followed by three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. The absence of PV had no significant effect on spine morphology, whereas the absence of CB resulted in a slight increase of various spine parameters, most notably spine length. In double knock-out mice, the absence of both PV and CB entailed a doubling of spine length, an increase in spine volume and spine surface, a higher spine density along the dendrites, as well as a more clustered spine distribution. In all three genotypes, a reduction in the number of stubby spines was observed compared with wild-type animals. These results suggest a morphological compensation for the lack of the soluble calcium buffers in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cell dendritic spines. The increase in various spine parameters, particularly volume, may counteract the lack of the calcium buffers, such as to adjust Ca2+-transients at the transitional zone between spines and dendrites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00986.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the mode of action of vitamin D XXXVII 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3: A long-acting 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analog (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 372-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1α-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ; Vitamin D3 ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to determine whether 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α(OH)D3] administration to chicks in vivo results in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] intestinal receptor occupancy and to compare the temporal characteristics of the physiological effects of 1α(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 for several days after a single dose of either steroid. Occupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors of the chick duodenal mucosa were measured by the recently developed exchange assay procedure [J Biol Chem (1980) 255:9534–9537]. Within 2 h after 1α(OH)D3 injection in rachitic chicks, there was a significant elevation of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor occupancy in the intestinal mucosa. This observation represents the first direct confirmation that this synthetic analog exerts biological effects through occupancy of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels reached a 3-fold higher peak after 1,25(OH)2D3 injection (3.25 nmol) than after 1α(OH)D3 injection (6.5 nmol); further, after 1α(OH)D3 injection the peak was delayed by 2–4 h. However, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels remained elevated for only 3–6 h after 1,25(OH)2D3, compared to 48 h after 1α(OH)D3 injection. Occupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor levels paralleled serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels at all times after administration of either steroid. At 24 h, duodenal vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein (CaBP) levels were similarly elevated in both treatment groups, but by 48 and 72 h after 1α(OH)D3 administration CaBP and serum Ca2+, respectively, were more significantly elevated. These data confirm that 1α(OH)D3 induces its major biological effects via intracellular 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors and reinforce the concept that 25-hydroxylation is a prerequisite for these effects. These results also suggest that 1α(OH)D3 may become useful in the therapy for sustained treatment of vitamin D deficiency diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405061
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two nuclear signalling pathways for vitamin D (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 361 (1993), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent evidence indicates that the retinoid/thyroid hor-mone/vitamin D subfamily of nuclear receptors might bind to their response elements only as heterodimers with RXR (refs 11-16). We wondered if both ligands, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (referred to as vitamin D) and 9-c/s-retinoic acid17'18, are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361657a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma kinetics of exogenous bovine parathyroid hormone in calves (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 371 (1977), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Half lives of disappearance ; Metabolic clearance rate ; Parathyroid hormone fragments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of purified bovine parathyroid hormone-(1-84) [bPTH-(1-84)] administered i.v. by constant infusions or rapid injections was investigated in 11 normocalcemic calves. Plasma kinetics of bPTH-(1-84) were derived with a radioimmunoassay system which recognised the intact hormone but no fragments. The metabolic clearance rates ranged from 9.1–22.9 ml/min/kg. The disappearance of the intact hormone and the reversible appearance of its NH2-and COOH-terminal fragments was investigated with additional and specific radioimmunoassay systems. At 2 min after the i.v. injection of bPTH-(1-84) a NH2-terminal fragment (M∼3500) was recognised and at 4 and 20 min COOH-terminal fragments (M∼7000 and 3500, respectively) were detected. The survival time in the circulation of the intact hormone and of its fragments was comparable. In conclusion, bovine bPTH-(1-84) and its NH2- and COOH-terminal fragments are metabolised in normocalcemic calves within minutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586257
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Both homodimeric isoforms of PDGF (AA and BB) have mitogenic and chemotactic activity and stimulate phosphoinositol turnover (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 140 (1989), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) occurs as three dimeric isoforms, AA, BB, and AB, which were previously shown to bind to two receptors with different isoform-specificity, the A/B-type (binds all three isoforms) and the B-type (binds only PDGF-BB). Results from competition binding experiments with Swiss 3T3 cells suggest the existence of a third receptor type, which recognizes PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB. Furthermore, Swiss 3T3 cells and human dermal fibroblasts express different relative and absolute levels of these receptor types. In particular, Swiss 3T3 cells express 90,000 PDGF-AA binding sites (A/B-receptors) per cell, whereas human fibroblasts express only 20,000 A/B-receptors per cell. All three PDGF isoforms were tested in either cell type for their effect on DNA synthesis. PDGF-BB and PDGF-AA were also tested in Swiss 3T3 cells for their effect on inositol phospholipid metabolism and chemotaxis. Each isoform promoted all three processes dose-dependently, but there were differences in the maximum cellular responses elicited. These responses reflect the capacity of the cells to bind the individual isoforms. These results demonstrate that the previous distinctions in responsiveness to the different PDGF isoforms are primarily a consequence of the differences in the levels of surface expression of the various isoform-specific receptor types, rather than of the differences in the intrinsic activity of these isoforms. Furthermore, these results suggest that all types of PDGF receptors are capable of responding to their respective ligands by mediating phosphoinositide breakdown, chemotactic responses, and DNA synthesis. Whether they exhibit other functional differences remains to be seen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041400322
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