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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Antigen-specific Cellular Immune Response by the in Vitro Production of T-Cell Growth Factor (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 15 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The amount of T-cell growlh factor (TCGF) produced in vitro in antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures was measured by induction of growth in cell dependent on the factor. The method distinguishes eight herpes-simplex-seronegative subjects from ten seropositive ones, and these results correlated with those of the lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT) test. The LBT responses and TCGF amounts produced in cultures with purified tuberculin (PPD) were also in good correlation (r = 0.833, P〈0.001). Considerable-levels of the factor were already present 12 h after the beginning of the culture. The method offers rapid quantification of cell-mediated immunity to specific antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00679.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte Blast Transformation Responses in Measles Infection (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 12 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocyte blast transformation responses were studied in eight patients with natural measles infection. A specific response to purified measles virus antigen and a weaker response to crude measles virus antigen were found after infection. The response to purified measles antigen appeared 1–3 weeks after the beginning of the rash, when the great number of proliferating mononuclear cells found in the peripheral blood during the rash was declining. In the first weeks after onset of the rash also leucocyte and lymphocyte numbers were decreased, and specific responses to purified tuberculin (PPD) and to rubella and mumps virus antigens were suppressed. In mitogen stimulation tests there was no significant suppression of phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin responses in this small series, but the response to pokeweed mitogen was decreased. The responses to antigens other than measles virus antigens recovered in parallel with the increase of the measles-specific response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00082.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon-γ Production in Antigen Specific T Cell Response: Quantitation of Specific mRNA and Secreted Protein (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production as a measure of cellular sensitization was studied by detection of the cytokine in culture supernatant by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by measuring cellular mRNA using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. These assays were compared to the standard lymphocyte proliferation assay as a marker of T cell responsiveness to foreign antigens. When blood donors seropositive for herpes simplex virus (HSV) were compared to seronegative donors, all measurements of cellular sensitization separated the groups without overlap. There were significant correlations between the IFN-γ mRNA titre and the secreted IFN-γ (r = 0.57, P = 0.03), and the proliferative response and the secreted IFN-γ (r = 0.78, P = 0.001), as well as between the IFN-γ mRNA titre and the proliferative response (r = 0.78, P 〈 0.001). When tetanus toxoid (TT) responses were studied in immunized subjects, a wide range of responsiveness could be seen and correlation between various measurements was poor. However, constant individual levels of the cytokine production were demonstrated. Six people who had received their last TT booster vaccination more than 5 years ago were revaccinated and repeatedly studied. An increase in the levels of produced IFN-γ could be seen in all subjects and two who lacked a lymphocyte proliferation response developed it after revaccination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-144.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine Expression in Unstimulated PBMC of Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Subjects Positive for Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the circulating levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in association with the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabetes. Expression levels of mRNAs specific for each cytokine were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by a multiplex reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) followed by hybridization reactions with lanthanide-labelled probes and detection by time-resolved fluorometry. Newly diagnosed diabetic children had lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β1 signals compared to their age- and sex-matched controls (P 〈 0.02, P 〈 0.005 and P 〈 0.005, respectively) and also the autoantibody-positive subjects had significantly lower levels of IL-4 and TGF-β1 in comparison with their matched controls (P = 0.0013 and P = 0.012). No significant differences were observed when comparing matched pairs of diabetic children and autoantibody-positive subjects. Our results suggest a systemic bias towards reduced production of T-helper cell type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-β1) during the autoimmune process, but there was also a reduced level of IFN-γ expression in the periphery at the onset of clinical diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00904.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunity in herpes gestationis: inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture by patients'sera (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 111 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The families of four patients with herpes gestationis (HG) (pemphigoid gestationis) and five patients with polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) were HLA typed. Anti-HLA-D antibodies in the maternal sera were sought using mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test. Two of the four patients with HG had Dw3, one of which was combined with Dw4. One of the fathers had Dw2. The sera of the four patients with HG strongly inhibited (48–100%) the MLC reaction of maternal cells against cells of the father or the child. This kind of inhibition could not be shown in the patients with PEP. We conclude that patients with HG often seem to have MLC inhibiting factors which obviously are antibodies directed against HLA-D region determinants. Their pathogenic role is still obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04042.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased sister-chromatid exchange rate and its regression during prolonged incubation in lymphocyte cultures from patients with multiple sclerosis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 160 (1986), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0027-5107(86)90130-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumour Necrosis Factor-β Gene RFLP Alleles in Finnish IDDM Hapiotypes (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The genes located between class II and class I HLA genes including polymorphic tumour necrosis factor (TNF) genes may contribute to the disease susceptibility in IDDM. Restriction fragment polymorphisms of the TNF-β gene have been found to be fixed in the major IDDM susceptibility haplotypes, the B62,DR4 haplotype being associated with the 10.5-kb fragment and the B8,DR3 haplotype with a 5.5-kb fragment. We studied this TNF polymorphism in a sample of diabetic families. In all IDDM-associated haplotypes (n= 129) the 5.5-kb allele was more frequent than in haplotypes found only in healthy family members (n=112) (58.1% versus 40.2%, P〈0.01). Among IDDM haplotypes the B62,DR4 haplotype was characterized by the 10.5-kb TNF fragment, whereas two other common Finnish IDDM-associated DR4 haplotypes-A24,B39,DR4 and A2,B56,DR4-had the 5.5-kb TNF fragment. Both IDDM-associated and non-associated DR3 positive haplotypes were linked to the 5.5-kb fragment. The distribution of various combinations of TNF alleles in IDDM probands (n= 63) did not differ from that expected according to the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. Our results indicate that the 10.5-kb allele of TNF-β gene as such is not a risk factor contributing to DR4/DQ8-associated susceptibility. Alternatively, there may be heterogeneity in pathogenetic effector mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03139.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody and T cell responses to measles virus polypeptides and synthetic peptides (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 6 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1993.tb00297.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of PUVA or UVB treatment on the PHA responsiveness of peripheral lymphocytes in vivo (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: PUVA ; UVB ; PHA responsiveness ; Psoriasis ; Atopic eczema ; Lichen planus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416675
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of an accelerated B-cell destruction in HLA-Dw3/Dw4 heterozygous children with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 347-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; C-peptide ; HLA ; clinical remission ; metabolic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible association between residual B-cell function and specific HLA antigens in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes was studied in a cross-sectional series of 144 diabetic children and adolescents, as well as in a prospective series of 44 newly diagnosed diabetic subjects who were observed for the initial 2 years of their diabetes. In the cross-sectional study, the HLA-Dw3/Dw4 heterozygotes had a lower mean serum C-peptide concentration during 1980, 0.03 ±0.01 nmol/l (mean ± SEM) vs. 0.09 ± 0.01 nmol/1 (p 〈 0.02), as well as a lower 24-h urinary C-peptide excretion, 0.27 ±0.06 nmol/m2 vs. 1.34 ± 0.19 nmol/m2 (p 〈 0.05), than the other subjects. In addition, the Dw3/Dw4 heterozygotes had a clinical remission of shorter duration, 113 ± 47 days vs. 203 ± 22 days (p 〈 0.05), and a higher mean glycosylated haemoglobin level during 1980, 14.8 ± 0.05% vs. 13.7 ± 0.2% (p 〈 0.05), than those without the Dw3/Dw4 combination. In the prospective study the serum C-peptide concentrations were of the same magnitude in the Dw3/Dw4 heterozygotes and the other subjects during the first month. Subsequently the C-peptide concentrations in the subjects with the Dw3/Dw4 combination started to decrease 2 months earlier than in the other subjects. The Dw3/Dw4 children had a significantly lower serum C-peptide concentration at 21 months, 0.01 ± 0.01 nmol/1 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 nmol/1 (p〈0.01), and at 24 months, 0.03 ±0.01 nmol/1 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol/l (p 〈 0.05). Our observations suggest that Dw3/Dw4 heterozygosity is, at least in children, associated with a distinct form of Type 1 diabetes characterized by a rapid B-cell destruction, a clinical remission of short duration and poor metabolic control. This expands the concept of genetic heterogeneity within Type 1 diabetes in childhood, and may have important implications for research on the aetiology, pathogenesis and natural history of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00903342
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