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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREVALENCE OF RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON AND SPECIFIC CLINICAL SIGNS RELATED TO PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF JAPAN (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 32 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. In order to evaluate the prevalence rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and specific clinical signs related to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) in the general population of Japan, inquiries were made concerning RP in the hands and dermatologic examinations were also conducted. Methods. One thousand and sixty-three subjects (332 men and 731 women) over 30 years of age who underwent inhabitants' health examinations in 1990 were considered for this study. Results. The prevalence of RP was 3.0% in men and 3.4% in women. In 8 men and 17 women with RP who received the blood tests, the positive rates of antinuclear antibody (ANA) were 12.5% and 35.3% in men and women, respectively. The prevalence rates of all five specific clinical signs related to PSS, sclerodactyly, pitting scars of the fingers, brown pigmentation of the body, shortened frenulum of the tongue, and flexion contracture of fingers, were under 2% in men and 3% in women. In women with RP the prevalence rates of sclerodactyly, pitting scars of the fingertips, brown pigmentation of the body, and shortened frenulum of the tongue were 16.0, 4.0, 4.0, and 16.0%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of persons without RP. Conclusions. Because some persons with primary RP may become typical cases of PSS within several years, a follow-up study, particulary for women who have positive titers of ANA with RP, should be carried out to find out whether the persons suffer from PSS or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1993.tb04020.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE-CONTROL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY IN JAPAN (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is designated by the Japanese government as one of the intractable diseases and all patients, who suffer from these diseases, are registered to get financial aid for treatment. Using newly registered SLE patients, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate potential risk factors. Methods. Two-hundred and eighty-two women SLE patients, newly registered to receive financial aid for treatment, and 292 randomly selected health examination participants at public health centers (controls) were surveyed from April 1988 through March 1990. By means of a self-administered questionnaire, data concerning demographic variables, smoking and drinking habits, past medical and reproductive history, and family history were collected. Results. Based on unconditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of SLE was significantly increased for current smokers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34–3.97). Alcohol and milk intake were inversely associated with risk. Family histories of asthma and collagen diseases, including SLE, were associated with significantly elevated risk of SLE (OR = 2.07, 95% ci 1.14–3.77; OR = 5.20, 95% CI 1.08–24.95, respectively). Regarding reproductive function, women with menarche at age 15 or later had significantly higher risk than those, who started menstruating before age 12 (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.66–8.81 for menarche at 〉 15 years and OR = 2.90, 95% a 1.14–7.39 for menarche at 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD333:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 16y). Conclusions. Our study suggests several risk factors, including smoking, family history, and reproductive history that may increase the risk of SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03614.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hand-arm vibration syndrome and its prevalence in the present status of private forestry enterprises in Japan (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Vibration syndrome ; Elderly workers ; Private forestry enterprises ; Vibration-induced white finger ; Cold water immersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Currently there are no limitations on age of employment on private forestries in Japan. Hence, it was hypothesized that in these kind of enterprises, elderly chain saw operators, or those with long-term exposure, might be at higher risk of developing hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). We consequently investigated the prevalence of HAVS in 447 chain saw workers on private forestries in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, with particular reference to age and exposure period. Of this population, 43 (9.6%) had signs and symptoms of vibration-induced white finger (VWF), and among these workers the severity of finger blanching was significantly correlated (P 〈 0.01) with the exposure period. Classification of all subjects by exposure period showed that workers with ≥ 30 years' exposure had higher prevalences of VWF (20.9%) and numbness of the hands (25.4%) compared to other groups. Significant differences (P 〈 0.01) were found between the functional capacities of workers with VWF and those of control subjects. We concluded that (a) the elderly chain saw operators and those with longer exposure should be moved to other jobs with a lower or no risk of exposure to vibration, and (b) the results of screening tests, even without cold water immersion (which we did not employ, in order to protect workers' hands), could be helpful for the identification of workers with VWF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381475
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subjective complaints in orthopedists and general surgeons (1995)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 67 (1995), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Health care workers ; Ergonomics Musculoskeletal complaints ; Pain ; Questionnaire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of subjective complaints among two groups of health care personnel. Using a mail questionnaire, 63 male orthopedists and 78 male general surgeons were asked to respond to questions on their subjective musculoskeletal complaints as well as their age, occupational career, and daily working time. In the final analysis, 54 orthopedists and 63 general surgeons who were aged ⩽ 59 years and had worked for at least 5 years in clinical practice were considered. The mean age was 43.3 (SD 7.6) years for the orthopedists and 41.8 (SD 9.5) years for the general surgeons. Their mean employment time was 18.1 (SD 8.9) years and 16.6 (SD 9.5) years, respectively. The average working time per day was 9.5 h. In general, the orthopedists had a higher prevalence of subjective complaints than the general surgeons. Problems in the shoulders and lower back were the most frequently reported complaints, followed by neck problems. There were significant differences (P 〈 0.05) between the two groups regarding stiffness in the shoulders, stiffness in the lower back, pain in the neck, and numbness in the fingers. When subjective complaints were compared between the junior (employment time: 〈 20 years) and senior (employment time: ⩾ 20 years) staff, the junior orthopedists had significantly higher prevalence rates for stiffness in the shoulders, pain in the neck, and stiffness in the lower back. This subgroup had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for some subjective complaints as compared to the junior surgeons, e.g., pain in the neck [OR = 6.19, 95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 1.91–20.04], shoulder stiffness (OR = 3.75, 95% Cl 1.36–10.31), pain in the shoulders (OR = 4.41, 95% Cl 3.64–4.70), and stiffness in the lower back (OR = 4.93, 95% Cl 1.74–13.94). It was concluded that ergonomic intervention to improve the working environment is imperative. In addition to ergonomic factors, consideration might also be given to psychological factors with a view to reducing the risk of subjective complaints among these subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626350
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous signs (Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactylia, and efladema of the hands) and hand-arm vibration exposure (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1993), S. 587-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Vibration ; Raynaud's phenomenon ; Sclerodactylia ; Edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dermatological tests and examinations of the hand(s) were carried out in vibration-exposed and un exposed males. The subjects were 179 chain-saw workers in private forestry companies and 205 local inhabitants who had never used vibrating tools. The prevalences of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), sclerodactylia, and edema of the hands were estimated in both groups, and associations between these cutaneous signs and vibration exposure were evaluated. The prevalences of RP and edema in the exposed group were 9.5% and 1.7%, respectively, and in the unexposed group, 2.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Sclerodactylia was seen in 31.8% of the chain-saw workers but in only 6.4% of the unexposed individuals. In statistical analyses based on unconditional logistic regression models with adjustment for age, RP was associated with long-term (≥ 20 years) vibration exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 7.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.51−19.87]. Sclerodactylia was associated with both short- and long-term vibration exposure (OR = 6.54, Cl = 3.30-13.36; OR = 7.05; CI = 3.41-14.60, respectively). There were significant dose-response relationships between RP and duration of exposure and between sclerodactylia and duration of exposure. Results of function tests indicated a longer recovery time and a higher vibration threshold for the workers with RP. The presence of sclerodactylia, however, did not have any significant influence on function test results. It is possible to conclude that not only RP but also sclerodactylia could be induced by vibration exposure. However, most cases of sclerodactylia were not so serious as to involve disturbances of peripheral circulatory and nerve function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposal for hand-arm vibration exposure limits adopted for Japanese workers operating hand-held vibrating tools (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 418-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Hand-arm vibration ; Exposure limits ; Raynaud’s phenomenon ; Vibration-induced white finger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  On the basis of data presented in our previous reports, the current study was undertaken to estimate frequency-weighted hand-arm vibration exposure limits for various daily exposure times. The procedures for the present study were as follows. (1) The prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) as well as the vibration exposure were investigated in various groups of workers operating hand-held vibrating tools. The vibration magnitude of various tools was measured and the results were presented as the energy-equivalent frequency-weighted root-mean-square (m/s2 rms) acceleration. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the prevalence of VWF and the measured vibration magnitude (R 2=0.5, P〈0.05). Hence, it was concluded that in decisions concerning quantitative recommendations for vibration exposure, the prevalence of VWF should be considered. (2) By a careful selection of available publications which contain useful information on duration of vibration exposure of ?2 h/day and the occurrence of VWF, a significant correlation between the prevalence of VWF and the vibration magnitude could be observed. The regression equation was estimated as: y=−18.5+4.6 (x), R 2=0.8. On the basis of this equation, it was speculated that the prevalence of VWF in workers using vibrating tools might be restricted to the prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon in the Japanese general population if the 2-h daily vibration exposure is about 4.5 m/s2 rms. (3) Regarding this speculation, the equation provided in the documentation of ISO 5349 was used and modified as: [(a h,w) eq,t =(a h,w)eq,2⋅ (2/t)1/2 (m/s2 rms)] and then the vibration limit values for daily exposure of 1 min to 8 h were calculated. (4) In order to achieve compatibility with standards of other countries, and to formulate an easy method for using the recommended values presented here, the daily exposure time of 8, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 h were selected. The correspondence vibration magnitudes were in the range 2.2–9.0 m/s2 rms, and the lower limit (2.2 m/s2 rms) was assumed as the permissible vibration exposure limit for an 8-h working period. The proposed daily vibration limits were then compared with those recommended by other institutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in different groups of workers operating hand-held vibrating tools (1994)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 66 (1994), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Exposure time ; Exposed workers ; Hand-held vibrating tools ; Hand-transmitted vibration level ; Raynaud's phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In eight groups of subjects operating various hand-held vibrating tools and aged from 30 to 59 years, the prevalence rates of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and numbness, pain, or stiffness in the upper and lower extremities were investigated. Hand-transmitted vibration levels (HTVLs) were measured on the back of the hand, by means of unidirectional (x-axis) vibration dosimeters, and the frequency-weighted acceleration levels [(Lh,w)eq,t] were determined as the vibration levels. The prevalence rates of VWF and numbness of the hands in these subjects were compared to the prevalence rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and numbness of the hands in 1027 males and 1301 females not occupationally exposed to vibration (age range: 30–59 years). It was observed that in subjects exposed to HTVLs of between 1.1 and 2.5 m/s2, the prevalence of VWF was between 0.0% and 4.8%. The prevalence of VWF reached 9.6% in a group of workers exposed to HTVLs of 2.7–5.1 tn/s2. The latter group showed a significant difference (P 〈 0.05) in the prevalence of VWF compared to the 2.7% prevalence of RP in male subjects of the general population. The prevalence of VWF in female subjects exposed to vibration (4.3%) was not significantly different from the prevalence of RP in females of the general population (3.4%). The prevalence rates of numbness of the hands were in the range of 6.5%–30.4% in the exposed groups and in the range of 13.4%–29.5% in the general population. Among the subjective symptoms, only VWF showed a significant positive correlation with HTVLs (R 2 = 0.5, P 〈 0.05). It was concluded that in decisions concerning quantitative recommendations for vibration exposure, the prevalence of VWF should be employed. With a view to decreasing the risk of developing VWF, estimated vibration safety values for 4 h and 2 h daily exposures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386574
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of hand-arm vibration exposure among traffic police motorcyclists (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 70 (1997), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Motorcycle riding ; Hand-arm vibration ; Lifetime vibration dose ; Prevalence ; Ergonomics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate subjective symptoms in the hand-arm system of all traffic police motorcyclists of a city located in the central part of Japan and (2) to assess their hand-arm vibration exposure associated with traffic police motorcycle riding. The study population consisted of 119 motorcycling traffic policemen and 49 male controls. By means of a questionnaire, information on the occupational history and the presence of subjective symptoms in the hand-arm system of all subjects was obtained. Vibration was measured on the handlebars of the representative motorcycles and on the hands of the riders. The 4- and 8-h energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration as well as the lifetime vibration dose were calculated for all police motorcyclists. The prevalence of finger blanching in the traffic police motorcyclists was 4.2%, but none of the controls had this symptom. The rates of finger numbness (19.3%), finger stiffness (16.0%), shoulder pain (13.4%), and shoulder stiffness (45.4%) were significantly higher among police motorcyclists as compared with controls. The root-mean-square (rms) frequency-weighted acceleration on the handlebars of police motorcycles was in the range of 2.2–4.9 m/s2 rms. The computed 4- and 8-h energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration values were 2.8– 4.5 and 2.0 –3.2 m/s2 rms, respectively. A pattern of increasing percentage prevalence with increasing cumulative vibration dose was noticed. The subjects with a lifetime vibration dose of more than 20.1 m2 h 3 s-4 (ln scale) showed significantly higher prevalence rates for symptoms in the fingers and shoulders as compared with the control group. As occupational vibration exposure of traffic police motorcyclists might be considered a risk factor for the development of symptoms in the hand-arm system of the riders, its evaluation and control is needed for prevention methodology evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050182
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