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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of spiro[isochromanpiperidine] analogs for inhibition of histamine release. 1 (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 24 (1981), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00134a013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ZnSe nitrogen doping using an ion-free electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma beam (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1453-1455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen doping in ZnSe using a new type of electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) source has been investigated. Selective nitrogen radical doping is performed using the ECR source with an external electrode, which can remove charged particles in the nitrogen plasma by the electrode applied electric field. Nitrogen ions are trapped by the electrode and the ion current is measured as a function of the electric field. The activation ratio of nitrogen atoms is investigated for various doping conditions by comparing the carrier profile and the atomic nitrogen profile, which are measured by capacitance–voltage techniques and secondary ion mass spectrometry. It was confirmed that nitrogen ions are removed and do not play a role as p-type dopants in ZnSe growth by molecular beam epitaxy. The activation ratio of nitrogen atoms is increased by removing the nitrogen ions. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118644
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual strain dependence of optical characteristics in GaN layers grown on (0001) sapphire substrates (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1137-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaN layers were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with various growth conditions. Some samples were grown with pressures higher than atmospheric. The residual strain in the epitaxial layer was estimated by measuring the lattice constants using x-ray diffraction. The optical quality was evaluated in terms of the threshold power density of stimulated emission. The residual strain perpendicular to C face, εzz, ranged from 0.058% to 0.125%. The strain ratio under biaxial stress (Δc/c)/(Δa/a), is estimated to be −0.46 from the relation between the lattice constants a and c. From the photoluminescence spectra with weak excitation, δEA/δεzz for undoped GaN is estimated to be 16.4 eV. The threshold power density decreased from 2.77 to 0.59 MW/cm2 as the strain increased, suggesting that the strain relaxation process is accompanied by a generation of defects which act as nonradiative recombination centers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124621
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo antitumor effects of murine interferon- γ -inducing factor/interleukin-18 in mice bearing syngeneic Meth A sarcoma malignant ascites (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 43 (1997), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-18 ; Antitumor effect ; NK cells ; Immunological memory ; IFN-γ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Interferon-γ-inducing factor/interleukin-18 is a novel cytokine that reportedly augments natural killer (NK) activity in human and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in vitro and has recently been designated IL-18. In this study, IL-18 exhibited significant antitumor effects in BALB/c mice challenged intraperitoneally (i.p.) with syngeneic Meth A sarcoma when administered i.p. on days 1, 2 and 3 after challenge. Intravenous (i.v.) administration also induced antitumor effects in the tumor-bearing mice; however, subcutaneous (s.c.) administration did not. When mice were twice pretreated with 1 μg IL-18 3 days and 6 h before tumor challenge, all mice survived whereas control mice died within 3 weeks of challenge. Inhibitory effects on Meth A cell growth in vitro were not observed with either IL-18 or interferon γ. The effects of IL-18 pretreatment were abrogated by abolition of NK activity after mice had been injected with anti-asialo GM1 antibody 48 h before and, 24 h and 72 h after tumor challenge. Mice pretreated with IL-18 and surviving tumor challenge resisted rechallenge with Meth A cells but could not reject Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and spleen cells from the resistant mice, but not control mice, exhibited cytotoxic activity against Meth A cells in vitro after restimulation with mitomycin C-treated Meth A cells for 5 days. The effector cells in the spleen cell preparations from resistant mice appear to be CD4+ cells because cytolytic activity was significantly inhibited after depletion of this subset by monoclonal antibodies and complement. In conclusion, IL-18 exhibits in vivo immunologically (primarily NK) mediated antitumor effects in mice challenged with syngeneic Meth A sarcoma and induces immunological memory and the generation of cytotoxic CD4+ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050345
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blutgerinnungsstörung bei Kaninchen mit der Nierenarteriendrosselung (1967)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 794-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A prolongation of silicone coagulation time was observed in 9 of 23 rabbits with bilateral renal-artery constriction and also in 4 of 12 rabbits with unilateral renal-artery constriction 1–5 weeks after operation. Such a coagulation defect was not observed in 10 rabbits with shamoperation and in 6 rabbits with unilateral nephrectomy. A direct mixture test revealed that the coagulation defect might be due to a circulating anticoagulant. There was no relation to the occurence of hypertension or uremia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 9 von 23 Kaninchen mit beiderseitiger Nierenarteriendrosselung und auch bei 4 von 12 Kaninchen mit einseitiger Nierenarteriendrosselung wurde nach 1–5 Wochen eine Verlängerung der Silicon-Gerinnungszeit festgestellt. Bei 10 Kaninchen mit Scheinoperation und bei 6 Kaninchen mit einseitiger Nephrektomie wurde keine Gerinnungsstörung bemerkt. Nach einem Mischversuch scheint die Gerinnungsstörung auf einem Hemmkörper zu beruhen. Es bestand keine Beziehung zum Auftreten von Hypertonie oder Urämie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747651
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular production of interleukin-18 in human epithelial-like cell lines is enhanced by hyperosmotic stress in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 297 (1999), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-18 ; Hyperosmotic conditions ; Epithelial cells ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interleukin-18 is a novel multifunctional cytokine, which enhances natural killer cell activity and promotes the induction of cytokine production, including that of interferon-γ by T cells and antitumor effects. Interleukin-18 is produced by cells of several different tissues (e.g., macrophages, keratinocytes, osteoblasts, and intestinal epithelium); however, it is unclear what physiological conditions or stimuli induce interleukin-18 production. To determine physiological conditions for the production of interleukin-18, we have examined the effect of mannitol-induced hyperosmotic conditions on normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and eight established human epithelial-like cell lines (Intestine 407, Caco-2, A253, HeLa, SCC25, HT1197, ACHN, A549). Hyperosmotic conditions induced interleukin-18 immunoreactivity in all the human cell lines tested, as detected by immunocytochemistry. The enhanced interleukin-18 production was also observed when mannitol was replaced with NaCl as the inducer of hyperosmotic stress. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that interleukin-18 concentrations in cell extracts were significantly increased by hyperosmotic conditions. Reporter gene assays also revealed that hyperosmotic conditions stimulated transcriptional activity of the interleukin-18 promoter. These results show for the first time that hyperosmotic stress is a stimulator of interleukin-18 production in epithelial-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051373
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and immuno-electron-microscopic detection of interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) in mouse intestinal epithelial cells (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 289 (1997), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) ; Intestine ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucosal immunity ; Mouse (CD1)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The novel cytokine interferon-γ-inducing factor (”interleukin-18”) is produced by macrophage-like cells in mice with endotoxin shock and induces the production of interferon-γ by T cells in vitro. To determine the physiological role for mouse interferon-γ-inducing factor, we studied its tissue distribution in several organs (intestine, spleen, thymus, kidney, and liver) in healthy mice of different ages, including fetal stages. Activity of the cytokine in the organ extracts of adult mice was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the cellular distribution of interferon-γ-inducing factor in organs from fetal and adult mice was determined by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal extracts of adult mice showed the highest concentrations among the organs studied. Other organ extracts of adult mice showed lower concentrations of the cytokine. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that interferon-γ-inducing factor was localized in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells from fetal and adult mice. These results show for the first time that intestinal epithelial cells may be the main producers of interferon-γ-inducing factor under normal physiological conditions and suggest that its constitutive expression in intestinal epithelial cells may have an important role in the induction of mucosal immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050895
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of poly[(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene) siloxane] (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 2595-2607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the purpose of studying the mechanism of thermal degradation of poly[(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene) Siloxane] (poly TMPS) a series of polymers with silphenylene and siloxane bonds in the main chain were prepared and subjected to thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolysis study. Analyses of products from poly TMPS degradation (in vacuum at a constant temperature) by gas chromatography (GC), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that degradation occurs at the silphenylene bonds. The TG curves obtained in He for heating rates of 1,2,2.5,7.5, and 10°C/min were analyzed by the Ozawa method; activation energies of 39 ± 1 and 45 ± 2 kcal/mol were obtained respectively for the initial cleavage of the methyl side group and the later-stage scission of the main-chain silphenylene bond which leads to a major weight loss. The results agree with those obtained for other structurally similar polymers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170191019
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