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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Maximun principle in finite element models for convection-diffusion phenomena; Vol. 4 (1983)
    Amsterdam u.a. :North-Holland,
    Details
    Title: Maximun principle in finite element models for convection-diffusion phenomena; Vol. 4
    Author: Ikeda, Tsutomu
    Publisher: Amsterdam u.a. :North-Holland,
    Year of publication: 1983
    Pages: 159 S.
    Series Statement: Lecture notes in numerical and applied analysis Vol. 4
    Type of Medium: Book
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    Zuse Institute Berlin get availability status
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cubic boron nitride films synthesized by low-energy ion-beam-enhanced vapor deposition (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 786-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single phase-cubic boron nitride (cBN) films have been synthesized by means of the low-energy ion-beam-enhanced vapor deposition method. Cubic BN films were deposited at 4 nm min−1 by electron-beam evaporation of boron with N2+Ar ion beam bombardment under the energy range of 500–600 eV, at ion beam current density around 0.4 mA cm−2, and also, could be obtained in both cases with external rf or dc substrate biasing. The infrared spectra showed strong absorption at 1090 cm−1, which was shifted significantly towards a higher wave number due to the residual internal stress in the cBN films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of cBN films deposited showed that the microstructure consists of polycrystalline particles with a size of 10 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107798
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bifurcation Phenomena from Standing Pulse Solutions in Some Reaction-Diffusion Systems (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of dynamics and differential equations 12 (2000), S. 117-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9222
    Keywords: singular perturbation ; standing pulses ; stability ; Hopf bifurcation ; reaction-diffusion system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Bifurcation phenomena from standing pulse solutions of the problem $$\varepsilon \tau u_t = \varepsilon ^2 u_{xx} + f(u,v),{\text{ }}v_t = v_{xx} + g(u,v)$$ is considered. ε(〉0) is a sufficiently small parameter and τ is a positive one. It is shown that there exist two types of destabilization of standing pulse solutions when τ decreases. One is the appearance of travelling pulse solutions via the static bifurcation and the other is that of in-phase breathers via the Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore which type of destabilization occurs first with decreasing τ is discussed for the piecewise linear nonlinearities f and g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009098719440
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of anti-plant viral protein by Mirabilis jalapa L. cells in suspension culture (1987)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 6 (1987), S. 216-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extract of Mirabilis jalapa cultured cells and its precipitate fraction with 90% saturated ammonium sulfate showed an anti-plant viral activity comparable to that of the roots and leaves of the original plant. In the immunodiffusion experiment, the extract of cultured cells positively reacted with MAP (Mirabilis Anti-plant viral Protein) anti-serum. The changes in MAP formation during cell growth and the MAP content of roots and leaves were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAP formation proceeded almost in parallel with cell growth. The MAP content of cultured cells reached the highest level (0.6 mg/g dry weight) on the 9th day after inoculation, which was less than one-third of the content of the roots but three times larger than that of the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268483
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interfacial approach to regional segregation of two competing species mediated by a predator (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 31 (1993), S. 215-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Predation-mediated coexistence ; Reaction-diffusion system ; Spatial segregation ; Internal layer ; Interface equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the problem of coexistence of two competing species mediated by the presence of a predator. We employ a reaction-diffusion model equation with Lotka-Volterra interaction, and speculate that the possibility of coexistence is,enhanced by differences in the diffusion rates of the prey and their predator. In the limit where the diffusion rate of the prey tends to zero, a new equation is derived and the dynamics of spatial segregation is discussed by means of the interfacial dynamics approach. Also, we show that spatial segregation permits periodic and chaotic dynamics for certain parameter ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166143
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traveling waves in a chemotactic model (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 30 (1991), S. 169-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Traveling waves ; Instability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A model for chemotaxis in a bacteria-substrate mixture introduced by Keller and Segel, which is described by nonlinear partial differential equations, is studied analytically. The existence of traveling waves is shown for the system in which the substrate diffusion is taken into account and the chemotactic coefficient is greater than the motility one, and the instability of traveling waves is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160334
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp 1: Bleaching of hardwood and softwood kraft pulps (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 45 (1999), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Sulfuric acid ; Nonchlorine bleaching ; Kraft pulp ; Residual lignin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To develop a new nonchlorine bleaching technology, hardwood and softwood kraft pulps, before and after oxygen-alkali predelignification, were treated with dilute sulfuric acid solutions (pH 1.0-1.8) at 100°C for 1 h and then extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 70°C for l h. Hardwood kraft pulp was successfully bleached. The delignification selectivity was similar to that seen with oxygen-alkali bleaching; and it was greatly enhanced by the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. The sulfuric acid bleaching can replace the presently adopted oxygen and chlorine stages if the additives are allowed. This bleaching process was also effective for oxygen-bleached hardwood kraft pulp, but it was less effective for softwood kraft pulp and oxygen-bleached softwood kraft pulp. The effectiveness of the addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite was more apparent for softwood kraft pulp than for hardwood kraft pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01177731
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp II: Behavior of lignin and carbohydrate during sulfuric acid bleaching (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 45 (1999), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Sulfuric acid bleaching ; Nonchlorine bleaching ; Residual lignin ; Kraft pulp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of lignin and carbohydrates in kraft pulps during sulfuric acid bleaching. Beech kraft pulp and red pine kraft pulp were bleached with dilute sulfuric acid at pH 1.3 with addition of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite at 100°C for 1 h. The pulps were then extracted with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 70°C for 1 h. Lignin and carbohydrates in the acid effluents and the alkali effluents were analyzed. The carbohydrate compositions of unbleached and bleached kraft pulps were also determined. The residual lignin in kraft pulp was degraded to a molecular size similar to that of milled wood lignin during sulfuric acid bleaching without additives, and it was further degraded to a much smaller molecular size during sulfuric acid bleaching with additives. It was found that the amount of carbohydrate dissolved in the bleach effluents were only about 1 of the dry weight of the kraft pulp under these bleaching conditions. The carbohydrates dissolved during bleaching were mostly of hemicellulose origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00833496
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp III: reactivity of kraft pulping-resistant structures under acidic conditions (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 45 (1999), S. 417-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Kraft pulp ; Sulfuric acid ; Lignin-carbohydrate complex ; Vinyl ether ; Hexeneuronic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the bleaching mechanism, a lignincarbohydrate complex (LCC) model compound, a vinyl ether-type lignin model dimer, and a hexeneuronic acid model compound were treated with dilute sulfuric acid of different pHs. Beech kraft pulp and red pine kraft pulp were also treated with dilute sulfuric acid and then extracted with aqueous alkali. The amount of hexeneuronic acid degradation products in acid effluents and lignin dissolved in alkali effluents were determined. It was found that the benzyl ether-type LCC bond and the vinyl ether bond in lignin were effectively cleaved under the pH where sulfuric acid bleaching of kraft pulp was effective. Hexeneuronic acid group was also effectively degraded during sulfuric acid bleaching. In beech kraft pulp bleaching, both lignin removal and hexeneuronic acid removal contributed to the kappa number reduction. In red pine bleaching, the contribution of hexeneuronic acid removal was negligible, and most of the kappa number reduction was achieved by the lignin removal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01177915
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozonation of a lignin-carbohydrate complex model compound of the benzyl ether type (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 46 (2000), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Ozone ; LCC ; Model compounds ; Lignin ; Benzylic ether ; Isolation ; Threonic acid ; Erythronic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Evidence for the presence of lignin-carbohydrate bonds of the benzylic ether type in wood and pulps may be obtained by use of ozonation treatment to selectively degrade the lignin. It was found that the benzyl ether bond in 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-3-(methyl-β-d-glucopyranosid-6-O-yl)-1-propanol was rather stable during ozonation in acetic acid-water-methanol 16∶3∶1 at 0°C. The corresponding acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-(methyl-β-d-glucopyranosid-6-O-yl)-butanoic acid, was found to be the major reaction product. The use of ozonation followed by acid hydrolysis in connection with studies of lignincarbohydrate linkages is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776460
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