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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combined use of thermal and surface analyses (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): iron ore smelting process ; iron smelting slags ; pyrometallurgy ; XPS
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to attempt the location of the iron ore sources exploited at Tharros (Sardinia) during the Phoenician-Punic period and to elucidate some chemical aspects of the iron ore smelting process, the iron ore outcrops of Monte Ferru located near to this archaeological site, have been first sampled and then, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) have been used for simulating and studying the iron ore smelting process under a carbon monoxide atmosphere. Furthermore, in order to obtain a qualitative identification of minerals present in the iron bearing rocks and for obtaining some thermochemical data, the smelting process has been carried out also under air and Ar-5% H2 atmospheres. The microchemical aspects involved during the smelting process of the iron ore to crude iron, the formation and the chemistry of new no metallic phases that results from the smelting, i.e. the slags, and the final product of the pyrometallurgical process have been identifiedvia small area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SA-XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS). These results are compared with those obtained from the characterisation of the smelting slags found during the excavation of the archaeological site of Tharros and a relationship is found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982705
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of impurity phase segregation in ceria-yttria-zirconia (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 320-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00719696
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    XPS investigation on AISI 420 stainless steel corrosion in oil and gas well environments (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 1407-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The corrosion behaviour of 13Cr-martensitic stainless steel (AISI 420) was investigated in CO2-H2S-Cl− environments typical of oil and gas wells under different CO2 and H2S partial pressures. The corrosion tests indicated that the AISI 420 steel was highly corrosion resistant to CO2-induced phenomena (general corrosion and carbonate S.C.C.), while in the H2S environment a high S.S.C.C. (Sulphide Stress Corrosion Cracking) susceptibility and high corrosion rates were found. Moreover, CO2 in CO2-H2S-Cl− systems inhibited general corrosion and S.S.C.C. phenomena by favouring the formation of a protective film. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the chemical nature of the films grown on AISI 420 in different environmental conditions was investigated and the following statements were drawn out: CO2 favours the growth of a hydrated Cr-oxide rich protective film with a low Fe-oxide and sulphide content; the presence of H2S favours the formation of less protective Fe-sulphide and Fe-oxide rich layers. Furthermore from XPS results an index of protectivenessI p = Cr+3/ (Cr+3 + Fe OX was defined and related to the environmental parameter $$E_{H_2 S,CO_2 } = p{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} /p{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{S + }}p{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$$ and to the corrosion rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585458
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio on phase stability and residual stress field in ceria-yttria stabilized zirconia plasma-sprayed coatings (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5591-5596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract CeO2-Y2O3 stabilized zirconia plasma-sprayed coatings have been produced by two different procedures based on different cooling rates. A high cooling rate (HCR) induced the contemporary presence of CeO2 and Ce2O3, while cooling in calm air (LCR) induced the presence of only CeO2. After subjecting the HCR coating, detached from the substrate, to an air thermal treatment, which oxidizes Ce2O3 to CeO2, a lower thermal expansion coefficient was measured than in the LCR material, and shrinkage was also observed. This behaviour is explained by the phase composition changes induced by the oxidation of ceria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541628
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microchemical investigation of early iron metallurgy slags (1992)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 109 (1992), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Schlagwort(e): early iron metallurgy ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; iron slag microchemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A group of slags, dating back to Iron Age II (Aramean period, 800-720 B.C.), that appeared to be iron-smelting by-products, have been found at Tell Afis (North-Western Syria). The microchemistry of these materials has been studied by means of small-area X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) and optical microscopy (OM). The results indicate that the slags can be associated with an iron-smelting process and show the presence of large amounts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides mixed with different glassy and crystalline silicon compounds. The latter consist essentially of quartz and various silicates, such as wollastonite, melilite, Mg[SiO4] or Mg[SiO6] compounds and other complex aluminosilicates. This chemical information is used to elucidate some aspects of the early ironmaking process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242482
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Combined use of epma, xps, gdos for the characterization of steel surfaces (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 9 (1986), S. 186-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740090313
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    XPS investigation on amorphous silion nitride (a-SiNx) chemical structure (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 323-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740120511
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    XPS studies on cerium, zirconium and yttrium valence states in plasma-sprayed coatings (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used for investigating the valence state of the chemical elements present in 25.5 wt.% CeO2-2.5 Y2O3-72 ZrO2 plasma-sprayed coatings as a function of the deposition temperature. Unlike the other chemical elements, cerium changes its valence state during and after the spraying process. The analysis of Ce 3d binding energies and satellite structures shows that CeO2 after spraying is either partially reduced to Ce(III) at low deposition temperature, or remains essentially unchanged at high deposition temperature. In both cases, the presence of ZrO2-x suboxides is found, which does not depend apparently on the cooling rate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601107
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Small-area XPS and XAES study of the iron ore smelting process (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 614-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The iron ore deposit of Kerry (north-western Syria) has been sampled; by means of the combined use of small-area x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SA-XPS), small-area x-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (SA-XAES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), the smelting process of the most iron-rich ore has been studied under a CO atmosphere up to 1570 K. Attention has been focused on the chemical aspects involvéd during the reduction of the iron ore and on the chemical composition of the non-metallic compounds, i.e. the slags, that result from the smelting process. Furthermore, this information has been compared with that obtained from early iron metallurgy slags and artefacts found in north-western Syria in order to locate the geographical source of the iron ore exploited during the early Iron Age in this region.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7402201131
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    XPS investigation of impurity phase segregation in 25.5 wt.% CeO2-2.5 Y2O3-72 ZrO2 plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 452-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), angular-dependent XPS and x-ray-inducd Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) have been used to investigate impurity (Si, Na and Al) segregation in 25.5 wt.% CeO2-2.5 Y2O3-72 ZrO2 plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) as a function of high-temperature air thermal treatment (up to 1460°C). The segregated phase, present in a similar composition both on the as-thermally treated and fracture surfaces, forms a thin layer of ∼20 nm thick. This phase contains both silicon and sodium at a temperature ranging between 900 and 1350°C and it is also enriched with aluminium at higher temperatures. The XPS and XAES results are used to identify the chemical composition of this surface phase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160193
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