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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A bucket ion source with microwave plasma generator : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2593-2594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the injection of a low-current (100 μA) high-brightness ion beam into an EBIS for subsequent ionization to very high-charge states, we have constructed a bucket-type ion source with the following specific features: a) microwave discharge plasma generator for long lifetime, b) isolated end flanges to allow for versatile ion species production by sputtering, c) SmCo magnets in 90° easy-axis rotation for the magnetic cusp fields, and d) large diameter for reduction of gas load to the UHV beamline of the EBIS. The extraction system has been optimized for maximum brilliance at an emission current density of about 2 mA/cm2. The extraction electrode consists of a spent washer of the sputtered material and of the long-lasting complex shaped main part. The design provides almost unchanged extraction optics until the washer is sputtered away.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142848
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipriflavone prevents radial bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass over 2 years (1997)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 7 (1997), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Ipriflavone ; Postmenopausal bone loss ; Radial bone mineral density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two hundred and fifty-five postmenopausal women with distal forearm bone mineral density (BMD) 1 SD below the mean value for normal age-matched postmenopausal subjects were randomly allocated to a 2-year treatment with oral ipriflavone (200 mg t.i.d.) or a matched placebo, according to a double-masked, parallel-group design. All patients also received a 1 g/day calcium supplement. Distal radius BMD and bone metabolism markers were measured at baseline, and every 6 months. Blood haematology and chemistry and physical parameters were monitored at the same time. One hundred and ninety-six patients completed 2 years of treatment. BMD changes from baseline were analysed according to valid completers (VC) and intention to treat (ITT) analyses. In both cases radial BMD was maintained in patients treated with ipriflavone while it decreased in those receiving the placebo, the between-treatment difference being significant at year 1 and year 2. Urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine levels were decreased in the ipriflavone-treated group and increased in the placebo group, with a significant between-treatment difference. Adverse reactions, mainly gastrointestinal, occurred to a similar extent in the two treatment groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densitometric Study of Developing Femur (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Human fetus — Femur — Densitometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this work was to extend to long bones the study on the ossification of human fetal skeleton in relation to conceptual age by a quantitative methodological approach. Postero-anterior scans were performed on 29 dried fetal femora (from 11.5 weeks of conceptual age to term) by a Hologic QDR 1000 X-ray densitometer with Ultra-Hi-Resolution software. The results were expressed as bone mineral content (BMC, g) and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2). BMD was calculated on a rectangular area corresponding to the total length and minimum width of the shaft. This area was divided into five equal sections along its longitudinal axis in order to estimate the rate of ossification from a spatio-temporal point of view. Our data show that BMC has a high correlation with conceptual age during the whole prenatal life, increasing in the third trimester (r ≥ 0.96). During development, BMD is progressively less correlated with conceptual age (r = 0.95 in the first half of development, r = 0.68 in the second half), particularly according to a bidirectional gradient from the middle to the proximal and distal ends of the shaft. Our findings confirm the data obtained in our previous studies on the ossification of fetal human spines, and suggest an individual variability in bone density at term of development and particularly at the level of spongiosa, viz. in the areas mostly involved in architectural changes during the morphogenesis of the long bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900591
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Densitometric study of developing vertebral bodies (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Fetus ; Spine ; Ossification ; High resolution densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To define the quantitative aspects of ossification of human fetal spine, we performed a high resolution densitometric study by lateral and postero-anterior scanning of five fetal spines (18–36 weeks of conceptual age) and one spine of a 4-month-old infant. The data were plotted against developmental age for each spine and vertebra. Bone mineral content increased with developmental age, with a peak at the upper lumbar level, in agreement with the ossification pattern of the spine, reported in embryological literature. Bone mineral density (BMD) was unrelated to developmental age, and showed similar trends for each vertebra in all the vertebral columns examined. The changes of BMD seems to be a phenomenon related to individual variability. This study also demonstrates that densitometric techniques may provide useful and interesting information in studies on skeletal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299001
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ipriflavone for Prevention of Postmenopausal Spinal Bone Loss (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 142 -147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone loss — Bone turnover — Ipriflavone — Vertebral bone mass.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. One hundred ninety-eight postmenopausal women (aged 50–65 years) with vertebral bone density (VBD) 1 SD below the mean value for normal, age-matched, postmenopausal subjects were enrolled in six Italian centers and 134 completed 2 years of treatment. All subjects were randomly allocated to a 2-year treatment with oral ipriflavone (200 mg t.i.d.) or a matching placebo, according to a double-blind, parallel group design. All patients also received an oral daily calcium supplement of 1 g as calcium carbonate. VBD and markers of bone turnover were measured at baseline, and every 6 months. A complete routine analysis of liver and kidney functions along with hematological parameters were measured before and at the end of treatment period. The valid completers analysis showed a significant increase of VBD in ipriflavone-treated women with average percent changes of +1.4 after 1 year, and +1% at the end of treatment period (P 〈 0.05). The placebo group presented a significant decrease of VBD after 2 years of treatment (P 〈 0.05). The difference between treatments was significant (P 〈 0.01). The intention to treat analysis confirmed the significant decrease of VBD in the placebo group, with no changes in ipriflavone-treated women. Skeletal ALP significantly decreased in ipriflavone-treated women (P 〈 0.05). Serum BGP and urine HOP/Cr showed a significant decrease only in ipriflavone-treated women, suggesting an inhibitory effect on bone turnover rate. Adverse reactions, mainly gastrointestinal, occurred to a similar extent in the two treatment groups. The evaluation of patients' compliance, assessed by residual tablets count, revealed a drug intake of more than 80% after 2 years in 92.5% and 92.8% of patients treated with ipriflavone or placebo, respectively. This study demonstrates that ipriflavone can prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Chronic Treatment with Ipriflavone in Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. S019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ipriflavone — Bone mass — Postmenopausal osteopenia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present the results of two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year studies to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ipriflavone in postmenopausal women (PMW) with low bone mass. 453 PMW (aged 50–65 years) with a vertebral (VMD) or radial (RMD) mineral density value 1 SD lower compared with age-matched controls, were randomly selected to receive oral ipriflavone (200 mg T.I.D. at meals) or matching placebo, plus 1 g oral calcium daily. Vertebral (study A, by dual X-ray absorptiometry-DXA) and radial (study B, by dual photon absorptiometry-DPA) bone density, serum bone Gla-protein (BGP), and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine (HOP/Cr) were measured every 6 months. In both studies, the Valid Completers (VC) analysis showed a maintenance of bone mass in ipriflavone-treated women, whereas in the placebo group, bone mineral density (BMD) was significantly decreased. The final outcome was a bone-sparing effect of 1.6% in study A, and of 3.5% in study B after 2 years. The Intention to Treat (ITT) analysis confirmed the decrease in the placebo group, with no changes in ipriflavone-treated women. A significant (P 〈 0.05) between-treatment difference was found in both studies. Biochemical markers of bone turnover decreased in patients treated with ipriflavone, thus suggesting a reduction of bone turnover rate. Twenty-six women treated with ipriflavone and 28 receiving the placebo dropped out because of side effects, mainly gastrointestinal. The compliance to the oral long-term treatment was good. The results of these studies show that ipriflavone is able to prevent both axial and peripheral bone loss in PMW with low bone mass, and is well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900380
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ossification Centers of Human Femur (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Developing human femur — Ossification centers — Bone densitometry — DXA — Ultra-Hi-Resolution.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the appearance of ossification centers in human femur by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), comparing densitometric data with morphogenetic events. Postero-anterior scans were performed on 31 dried femora (from 11.5 weeks of conceptual age to 1 year of postnatal life) by a Hologic QDR 1000 X-ray densitometer with Ultra-Hi-Resolution software. The results were expressed as bone mineral content (BMC, g) and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2). The analyses were performed on a rectangular area corresponding to the minimum width and total length of the shaft. The rectangular area was divided into five equal sections along its longitudinal axis, and BMC was calculated on each section. To distinguish the ossification area of the lesser trochanter with respect to the area of the greater trochanter, the proximal femoral end was divided into two portions, medial and lateral, respectively; BMC and BMD were calculated on each portion. Our data show that the ossification center of the femoral shaft extends prevalently in the proximal direction. A denser area was recognizable on the densitometric images at the level of the lesser trochanter from the 19th week of prenatal life and at the level of the greater trochanter at term. During development, the trends of BMC and BMD are similar in both trochanteric areas, but these parameters are fairly constantly higher at the level of the lesser trochanter. Our findings disagree with the data of the current literature on the postnatal appearance of the trochanteric ossification centers and suggest a different biomechanical interpretation of the secondary ossification of the femur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005841
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