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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of histamine and substance P on the rabbit and human iris sphincter muscle (1995)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 233 (1995), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract • Background and methods: In an attempt to clarify the functional action of histamine and substance P on atropine-resistant miosis, we isolated rabbit and human iris sphincter muscles and investigated their mechanical properties using the isometric tension recording method. • Results: Substance P dose-dependently contracted the rabbit iris sphincter, but had no effect on the human iris sphincter. In the rabbit iris sphincter, histamine reduced the amplitude of twitch contraction evoked by field stimulation but had no effect on carbachol-induced contraction. Thioperamide, but not mepyramine or cimetidine, partially antagonized the histamine-induced reduction in the amplitude of twitch contractions. In the human iris sphincter, on the other hand, histamine dose-dependently provoked contraction and the amplitude of histamine-induced contraction was affected neither by atropine nor by indomethacin. • Conclusions: These results provide evidence that histamine has strong contractile effect on the human iris sphincter muscle; the rabbit iris sphincter muscle, however, apparently lacks functional histamine receptors. In rabbits, exogenously applied histamine only activates H3 receptors located on the cholinergic nerve terminal, hence the excitatory neuro-effector transmission is suppressed. Thus, histamine may have an important roles in atropine-resistant miosis in humans, but not in rabbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and morphology of poly(styrene-g-[propylene oxide-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline]) (1986)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 16 (1986), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(styrene(ST)-g-[propylene oxide(PO)-b-2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOz)])s were prepared by ionic polymerization. Alkaline hydrolysis of these graft-block copolymers were carried out and poly(ST-g-[PO-b-ethylene imine(EI)])s were obtained. Morphologies of these copolyraer specimens were obtained by electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254989
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological study on glucocorticoid-induced cataract in developing chick embryo (1994)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 232 (1994), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nishigori et al. reported a transient cataract model after administering glucocorticoid to a 15-day-old chick. Biochemically, the mechanism of onset of this cataract was thought to be related to damage caused by the formation of oxidative stresses and by a protein-water phase separation. There appear to be no reports on changes in the fine structure. After hydroocortisone succinate sodium was administered to 15-day-old chick embryos, the lenses were removed at 12, 24, 30, 48, 72 and 96 h and put in 4% gluraldehyde. The specimens were examined by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Twelve to 24 h after administration to chick embryos, lens fibers containing electron-dense cytoplasm began to appear in the bow area of the equator and were still present thereafter. Thirty to 48 h after administration, numerous vacuoles of varying sizes began to appear in the lens in sites corresponding to the opaque region. These vacuoles, ranging from 2 to 8 μm in diameter, were distributed in the intercellular spaces between the lens fibers. The vacuoles had disappeared by 96 h after administration, but during that period, the height of the epithelial cells in the equatorial region and the elongation of the equatorial lens fibers had become irregular. Transient opacity was due to the presence of vacuoles of various sizes, occurring in the intercellular space between the lens fibers around the lens nucleus. Moreover, the effect of glucocorticoid administration was noted in the lens epithelium and the lens fibers in the equatorial region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186583
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration mediated by acetylcholine receptors in cultured retinal neurons and Müller cells (1998)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 236 (1998), S. 934-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  · Purpose: This study was conducted to detect the presence of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors in cultured retinal neurons and Müller cells. · Methods: Pure Müller cell cultures and cocultures of retinal neurons and Müller cells were used; the former, obtained from adult rabbit retinas, and the latter, retinal neurons from neonatal rats, were cocultured with Müller cells. Intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) following the administration of acetylcholine, a cholinesterase inhibitor (trichlorfon), nicotine or muscarinic agonist with or without a receptor antagonist was monitored using the calcium ion indicator, fura-2. · Results: Acetylcholine and trichlorfon induced rapid increase in [Ca2+]i in half of either cell type. Trichlorfon induced positive response in coculture but not in the pure Müller cell cultures. This positive response was blocked only partially in the presence of atropine. Approximately 30–40% of neurons responded to nicotine at 5 µM, which was significantly blocked by α-bungarotoxin at 50 nM. No response to nicotine could be detected in Müller cells. Approximately 50% of neurons responded to muscarine at 50 µM, but 500 µM was required for the formation of calcium transients in 50% of Müller cells. The muscarine inducement of rapid increase in [Ca2+]i was blocked by atropine. The agonist of M1 (a muscarinic receptor subtype), McN-A-343, at 0.5 µM induced the most significant and rapid increase in [Ca2+]i both in neurons and Müller cells. McN-A-343 administration at 0.05 µM induced positive response in half the neurons, but only in approximately 10% of Müller cells. Such positive response was not observed following preincubation with the M1 antagonist, pirenzepine, at 50 µM. · Conclusions: Cocultured retinal neurons enhance the release of acetylcholine following anticholinesterase administration, and approximately half the neurons were found to possess muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. However, Müller cells appeared to possess only the less sensitive muscarinic receptor. Muscarinic receptor subtypes on either type of cell contained at least M1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004170050183
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new selective agent for poly(tetrahydrofuran) degradation as a tool for the determination of the crystallite core size (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1177-1181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The method formerly used to determine the crystallite core size of polyethylene was applied to poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF). This method is based on the different diffusivity of a chaincleaving agent in crystalline and amorphous parts of the polymer. Butyllithium was used as a cleaving agent of PTHF. The degree of polymerization of the undecomposed part of the polymer (PTHF crystallites) was determined by gel permeation chromatography. This value agrees well with the value to be expected from the size of the crystallites determined small-angle X-ray scattering.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1991.021920516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-graft-polyisoprene (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Well defined poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-graft-polyisoprenes were synthesized by reaction between the chloromethyl group of chloromethylated poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and living polyisoprene (PIP) anions. The obtained graft copolymers were characterized by gel-permeation chromatography, NMR, and IR spectra. The reaction was not complete (unreacted chloromethyl groups were found) because of hindrance effects of the polyisoprene chain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation technique of polymer micelle by using transmission electron microscope (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1547-1555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The method, established by Price et al. to observe the polymer micelle, was modified and applied to the region of high polymer concentration. The novelty of our method consists of the preparative method of the specimen for transmission electron microscopy. Polymer solution was diluted and solvent was evaporated rapidly before the micelle was decomposed. As a result, dilution ratio had no effect on the decomposition of polymer micelle, and the original micelle structure was conserved over 10 wt % block copolymer solution if the operations were carried out within 30 min. This time limit related to the concentration of solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400912
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologies of poly(vinylcarbazole)-polyisoprene graft copolymer and blend (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructures of a poly(vinylcarbazole-g-isoprene) and blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVCz) and polyisoprene (PIP) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the graft copolymer, the unique microphase separated structure was observed. In the blend, the blend ratio did not correspond to the area ratio on the TEM photograph. It is suggested that the results are caused by rigid and crystalline PVCz and low glass-transition temperature of PIP. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microphase separation and crystallization of crystalline-amorphous type block copolymer. I. Effect of solvent (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The formation process of the microphase separation and crystallization of a crystallineamorphous type diblock copolymer [poly(tetrahydrofuran-b-isoprene)] in solution were studied by transmission electron microscope and wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. The morphologies formed from three kinds of solvent systems are discussed in relation to the crystallization of poly(tetrahydrofuran) sequence. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microphase separation and crystallization of crystalline-amorphous type block copolymer. VI. Crystalline part in crystalline domain (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1709-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystalline and amorphous areas in poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) domains in a poly(tetrahydrofuran-b-isoprene) (crystalline-amorphous, PTHF = 52 wt %) film were distinguished by transmission electron microscopy and the relation between the crystallization and domain shape was clarified. The ratio of PTHF domain containing amorphous area was low in the case of the fewer interfaces of the small curvature formed by poly(isoprene) domain. The PTHF crystallization was closely related to the interface shape. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070511003
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