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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Class IIa bacteriocins: biosynthesis, structure and activity (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 24 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the last decade, a variety of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been identified and characterized. As a result of these studies, insight has been gained into fundamental aspects of biology and biochemistry such as producer self protection, membrane–protein interactions, and protein modification and secretion. Moreover, it has become evident that these peptides may be developed into useful antimicrobial additives. Class IIa bacteriocins can be considered as the major subgroup of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, not only because of their large number, but also because of their activities and potential applications. They have first attracted particular attention as listericidal compounds and are now believed to be the next in line if more bacteriocins are to be approved in the future. The present review attempts to provide an insight into general knowledge available for class IIa bacteriocins and discusses common features and recent findings concerning these substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00534.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of two (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their use for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 184 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes, termed phaJ1Pa and phaJ2Pa, homologous to the Aeromonas caviae (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase gene (phaJAc) were cloned using a PCR technique to investigate the monomer-supplying ability for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis from β-oxidation cycle. Two expression plasmids for phaJ1Pa and phaJ2Pa were constructed and introduced into Escherichia coli DH5α strain. The recombinants harboring phaJ1Pa or phaJ2Pa showed high (R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase activity with different substrate specificities, that is, specific for short chain-length enoyl-CoA or medium chain-length enoyl-CoA, respectively. In addition, co-expression of these two hydratase genes with PHA synthase gene in E. coli LS5218 resulted in the accumulation of PHA up to 14–29 wt% of cell dry weight from dodecanoate as a sole carbon source. It has been suggested that phaJ1Pa and phaJ2Pa products have the monomer-supplying ability for PHA synthesis from β-oxidation cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09013.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rheological change by addition of carboxymethylcellulose in culture media of an air-lift fermentor on poly-D-3-hydroxybutyric acid productivity in autotrophic culture of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Alcaligenes eutrophus (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; autotrophic culture ; air-lift fermentor ; carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of rheological change by addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to culture medium in an air-lift-type fermentor on autotrophic production of poly-(D-3-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB)] by two-stage culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus is investigated. Addition of 0.05% CMC increased P(3HB) production rate during the P(3HB) accumulation phase to twice that of the control culture. It was thought that addition of a small amount of CMC was beneficial for production of P(3HB) employing the air-lift fermentor under safe autotrophic culture conditions in wich oxygen concentration was maintained below 6.9% (v/v). the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) observed in the presence of CMC is shown to correlated with the P(3HB) production rate obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 529-533, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycle use of immobilized glucoamylase by tangential flow filtration unit (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 542-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various properties of glucoamylase immobilized onto corn stover supporting material and separation of immobilized enzyme by tangential flow filtration unit were studied. Optimum pH and temperature of immobilized enzyme were 3.5 and 60°C, respectively. Enzyme stability was studied in a packed-bed column. The starch conversion rate was attained at 81% for 15 days; after that, the hydrolysis rate gradually decreased. Size of supporting material proved to be an important factor, with higher activity and good loading yield resulting from smaller supporting material. Glucoamylase immobilized onto supporting material less than 44 μm was used for hydrolysis of 10% soluble starch at pH 3.5 and 40°C for 3 h. Then immobilized glucoamylase was separated from the product by means of a tangential flow filtration unit using a 0.2-μm pore size Nylon 66 membrane filter. This operation was continued until 180 ml filtrate was obtained from a 260-mL starting volume. Then, the next batch was started by adding 180 mL starch substrate into the reactor. The batchwise experiments were repeated 20 times. The average filtration rate of each batch was determined and found to sharply decline during the first four batches. Thereafter, it gradually decreased from batch to batch. The cause of decreasing filtration rate appeared to be due to retrogradation of starch. The percentage of starch hydrolysis within 20 batches was in the range 89-96%. The filtration rate becomes higher if the hydrolyzation time is extended to 14 h. Resistance to filtration was also investigated. Almost all of the total resistance is related to insoluble materials, with the significant part of this from the resistance due to insoluble materials deposited on a surface of membrane and boundary layer resistance. Using a microscopic method, no microorganisms were found in the filtrate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate) from CO2, H2, and O2 by high cell density autotrophic cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 268-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate) ; P(3HB) ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; gas explosion ; autotroph ; hydrogen oxidizing bacterium ; carbon dioxide fixation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Alcaligenes eutrophus autotrophically produces biodegradable plastic material, poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen. In autotrophic cultivation of the microorganism, it is essential to eliminate possible occurrence of gas explosions from the fermentation process. We developed a bench-plant scale, recycled-gas, closed-circuit culture system equipped with several safety features to perform autotrophic cultivation of A. eutrophus by maintaining the oxygen concentration in the substrate gas phase below the lower limit for a gas explosion (6.9%). The culture vessel utilized a baskettype agitator, resulting in a KL a value of 2970 h-1. Oxygen gas was also directly fed to the fermentor separately from the other gases. As a result, 91.3 g · dm-3 of the cells and 61.9 g · dm-3 of P(3HB) were obtained after 40 h of cultivation under this oxygen-limited condition. The results compared favorably with those reported for mass production of P(3HB) by heterotrophic fermentation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450312
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-Base equilibrium in aerobic fermentations: Influence of unutilizable acids and bases on the acetic acid concentration in culture liquidThis paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan at Sendai, April 2, 1972. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 1147-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An investigation was made on the factors influencing the acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid of the aerobic fermentations where acetie acid was used as a carbon source. The acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid changed in proportion to the amount of unutilizable acid or base supplied. This was explained by the principle of conservation of electroneutrality.Another factor affecting the acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid was bicarbonate ions which were formed by the dissolution and dissociation of carbon dioxide in the gas phase of the fermentor. The increment in bicarbonate ion concentration was equal to the decrement in the acetie acid concentration in the culture liquid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of end-product inhibition of l-lactate production from xylose and glucose by Lactococcus lactis IO-1 (1993)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 15 (1993), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The relative contributions of lactate inhibition and the generation of sterile (undividing) cells to the low xylose utilisation rate of Lactococcus lactis IO-1 was investigated. The lactate inhibition constant of xylose grown cells was shown to be 9.3 times more than that of glucose grown cells. However, the sterile cell production rate and LDH inactivation rate of the xylose cultures were at least 10 times less than the glucose cultures. Thus, it is suggested that the slower substrate consumption rate in xylose medium is caused mainly by the large inhibition constant for the end product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129324
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentative production of P(3HB-co-3HV) from propionic acid by Alcaligenes eutrophus in fed-batch culture with pH-stat continuous substrate feeding method (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 1067-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: Alcaligenes eutrophus ; biodegradable polyester ; pH-stat substrate feeding ; propionic acid ; P(3HB-co-3HV)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding of propionic acid for production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] by Alcaligenes eutrophus ATCC17697 was optimized using a fed-batch culture system. The concentration of propionic acid was maintained at 3 g l−1 as growth was inhibited by propionic acid in the broth. A pH-stat substrate feeding system was used in which propionic acid was fed automatically to maintain a pH of the culture broth at 7.0. By feeding a substrate solution containing 20% (w/v) propionic acid, 4.9% (w/v) ammonia water [at a molar ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N molar ratio) of 10] in cell growth phase, the concentration of propionic acid in the broth was maintained at 3 g l−1 giving a specific growth rate of 0.4 h−1. To promote P(3HB-co-3HV) production, two stage fed-batch culture which consisted of the stage for the cell growth and the stage for the P(3HB-co-3HV) accumulation was carried out. When the substrate solution whose C/N molar ratio was 50 was fed in P(3HB-co-3HV) accumulation phase, the cell concentration and the P(3HB-co-3HV) content in the cells reached 64 g l−1 and 58% (w/w) in 55.5 h, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005650132371
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture systems involving Zymomonas mobilisand a hollow fiberfilter module (1997)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 11 (1997), S. 537-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Culture systems involving the use of one or two fermenters in series, with cell recycle employing hollow fiber filter modules to achieve high cell densities, were developed. Dilution rates of about 0.6 h -1 and ethanol productivity values of about 25 g/l h -1 , with residual glucose at 0.9 g/l, could be achieved using the system employing one fermenter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018478419923
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for the accurate and rapid determination of the concentrations of intracellular metabolites in cells during fermentation (1995)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 9 (1995), S. 409-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A method based on density gradient centrifugation for the accurate and rapid determination of concentrations of intracellular metabolites was developed. The new method was applied to determination of intracellular levels of lactate during lactate fermentation and of intracellular levels of glutamate during glutamate fermentation. The method gave satisfactory results, showing good reproducibility and reliability with a probability of 95%. This method will allow basic information to be obtained about the transport of metabolites from within cells to the culture broth and about dynamic changes in metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160827
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