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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum entropy method analysis of thermal motion and disorder in thermoelectric clathrate Ba8Ga16Si30 (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5694-5699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multitemperature (15, 100, 150, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900 K) single crystal neutron diffraction data on the type I clathrate Ba8Ga16Si30 are reported. For the framework atoms reciprocal space structural refinements give total occupancies in the unit cell of Ga/Si=3.8/2.2, 1.8/14.2, 10.2/13.8 for the 6c, 16i, and 24k sites respectively, thus showing that Ga avoids the tetrahedral 16i positions. The guest atom displacement parameters obtained from structure factor fitting are analyzed with semianharmonic Einstein models giving Einstein temperatures (aitch-thetaE) of 69(1), 98(7), and 124(2) K for Ba(2)(100), Ba(2)[100], and Ba(1), respectively. The analysis furthermore suggests that all guest atoms are structurally disordered, and the disorder appears to be temperature dependent with increased host-guest interaction at high temperatures. The structure factors are subsequently used in the maximum entropy method calculations to obtain direct space nuclear densities. These are modeled with anharmonic one-particle potential models to fourth order. Even at elevated temperatures anharmonicity is limited indicating that the low thermal conductivity of the clathrate has a different origin. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1466531
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect Haemagglutination for the Demonstration of Antibodies to Renal Antigens from Rats (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 13 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test using tanned sheep erythrocytes was developed to detect antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with renal tubular epithelium (RTE) or with glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from rats. The RTK antigen preparation, called Fx1A, sensitized the erythrocytes directly, whereas the GBM preparation had to be treated with collagenase. The antisera to Fx1A gave titres up to 64,000, and the antisera to GBM up to several million. The sera were monospecific, since they gave no cross-reaction in IHA, precipitation, or absorption tests using the IHA test, the quantitative aspects of experimental glomerulone-phritis in rats can be studied. Preliminary results obtained in transfer experiments indicate a dose-response relationship between the titra in IHA and the degree of proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1981.tb00106.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppressed Development of Experimental Glomerulonephritis in Lactating Rats (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five out of six lactating rats did not develop proteinuria after an injection of nephrotoxic serum, whereas four out of five non-lactating, non-pregnant rats showed the usual proteinuric response (P = 0.06). The amount of heterologous IgG deposits was similar in both groups, but the lactating rats had significantly less autologous IgG (P= 0.004) in the glomerular basal membrane. It is suggested that hormonal factors influence the development of experimental glomerulo-nephritis in lactating rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01345.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complement Receptors in Pathological Human Renal Glomeruli (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 7 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glomerular complement receptors (GCR) were demonstrated by the adsorption of C3 coated sheep erythrocytes to cryostat sections of human kidneys. An epithelial localization of the GCR is implied by the binding pattern of the indicator cells. The GCR activity was reduced in all glomeruli where in vivo deposition of immunoglobulin and C3 along the capillary wall was observed. In fourteen out of nineteen biopsies where deposits in the mesangium were seen, reduced GCR activity was also observed, whereas GCR activity was normal in the other five. Immunofluorescence and haemadsorption tests performed on the same section showed that C3 deposits corresponded to areas showing reduced complement receptor activity. Areas outside the C3 deposits adsorbed indicator cells coated with various amounts of C3 similarly to the adsorption to glomeruli seen in normal adult and fetal kidneys. Sclerotic glomeruli showed no GCR activity. The results indicate that the complement receptors play a role for the binding of complement-containing complexes in glomeruli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb00470.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Ribosomal P Autoantibodies in Relation to Cell Destruction and Autoimmune Disease (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 60 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoantibodies against the ribosomal P proteins are related to cell death and tissue destruction and are frequently exhibited in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In an attempt to explore the effect of tissue destruction on the induction of anti-P autoantibodies, we searched for anti-P autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 201 antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive individuals, in 10 patients with treated kidney SLE and in 45 acute leukaemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. The autoantibody reactivity was further characterized using one- and two-dimensional immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence. Anti-P were detected in 5.5% (11/201) of ANA-positive individuals, but not in kidney-affected SLE patients or in patients with leukaemia. Seven of 11 anti-P-positive patients had SLE (3/11), primary Sjögrens's syndrome (1/11) and other autoimmune diseases (3/11). A relation between disease activity and anti-P was suggested by follow-up examinations in one SLE patient, supported by the absence of anti-P autoantibodies in the 10 treated kidney SLE patients. Anti-P autoantibodies were detected by immunoblot in one patient with SLE indicating anti-P2 predominance and in the patient with Sjögrens's syndrome indicating anti-P1 predominance. Diverging humoral responses in these ANA- and anti-P-positive patients were further illustrated by immunofluorescence, elucidating varying nuclear reactivity and anti-P pattern. The observation of anti-P in individuals with active autoimmune disease, but not in patients with chemotherapy-induced cell damage, suggests that anti-P antibodies are part of a specific disease process, and not elicited as a response to cell destruction per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01450.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmapheresis in the treatment of steroid-dependent bronchial asthma (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Can plasmapheresis improve disease severity and lung function and reduce steroid doses in severe asthma patients dependent on oral corticosteroids? Methods: A pilot study with four asthma patients was undertaken using PEF (peak expiratory flow) symptom score, number of puffs of β2-agonist, and dose of systemic steroids as disease variables. After at least an 8-week run-in, the patients were randomized to a crossover treatment regimen consisting of either 10 days of plasmapheresis or placebo treatment. Each treatment was succeeded by an 8–26-week follow-up period. Results: No patients achieved a significant effect of plasmapheresis treatment according to the established criteria, nor did anyone experience deterioration. Conclusions: Removing humoral factors extensively over a 10-day period did not significantly influence the clinical condition of the four steroid-dependent asthma patients studied. Circulating humoral factors seem to be of little importance for the maintenance of the established chronic allergic inflammation in these patients. Plasmapheresis does not seem to be a treatment option for this patient category.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00141.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mesoionic pyridazinium sulfonate; an unexpected reaction product (1994)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 1150-1152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270193013022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic displacement parameters for Ni(ND3)4(NO2)2 from 9 K X-ray and 13 K time-of-flight neutron diffraction data (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Structural parameters derived from 9 1) K X-ray diffraction data and 13 (1) K time-of-flight neutron diffraction data on perdeuterated tetraamminedinitronickel(II), Ni(ND3)4(NO2)2, are compared. It is shown that excellent agreement can be obtained for both positional and thermal parameters derived separately from the two experiments, provided that great care is taken in all steps of the process, including data collection, data reduction, and nuclear and electronic structure refinement. The mean difference in the thermal parameters, 〈|ΔUij|〉, is as low as 0.00034 Å2 and 〈(ΔUij/σ)2〉1/2 = 1.92, showing that, even without any form of scaling between the parameters, the same values can be obtained. This, compared with other such studies, indicates that time-of-flight neutron diffraction data can give structural information of a quality comparable to monochromatic neutron diffraction. The excellent correspondence between the thermal parameters derived separately from X-ray and neutron diffraction data gives confidence in the deconvolution of the thermal motion from the X-ray diffraction data, which is necessary for any study of a static electron density distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876819600794X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct investigation of thermal vibrations of beryllium in real space through the maximum-entropy method applied to single-crystal neutron diffraction data (1994)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 50 (1994), S. 330-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The thermal vibrations of beryllium metal were determined directly from the nuclear densities obtained by the maximum-entropy method (MEM) using neutron single-crystal data. A high-resolution nuclear density distribution of beryllium was obtained by applying the MEM to the 48 structure factors with sin θ/λ 〈 1.41 Å−1 from a previous study [Larsen, Lehmann & Merisalo (1980). Acta Cryst. A36, 159–163], which showed small but significant cubic anharmonicity in beryllium by least-squares refinement of the structure factors. In the present study, quartic as well as cubic anharmonicities are clearly visible in the MEM nuclear density. In order to determine anharmonic thermal-vibration parameters, a three-dimensional function was fitted to the MEM nuclear density around the atom site. The one-particle potential was used to model the thermal vibrations up to quartic terms. The least-squares-fit values were γ = −0.306 eV Å−3 for the third- and α40 = − 1.02, β20 = 2.95 and γ00 = − 3.28 eV Å−4 for the fourth-order anharmonic parameters. Thus, the atomic potential in the basal plane is hardened against the bipyramidal space around the tetrahedral holes of the hexagonal-close-packed structure. It is softened towards the center of the octahedral voids. Least-squares refinement of the MEM nuclear density gives a standard deviation of about 5 for the last digit of the anharmonic parameters. However, there is added uncertainty in the parameters because of the relationship of the reliability of the MEM density distribution to the standard deviations of the measured intensities. Judging from previous studies of the thermal parameters for beryllium based on least-squares refinement of observed structure factors, it is estimated that values determined here for the anharmonic parameters are reliable to the first digit after the decimal point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767393011523
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errors in Maximum-Entropy Charge-Density Distributions Obtained from Diffraction Data (1997)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 376-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A scheme to estimate errors in maximum-entropy method (MEM) charge-density distributions via Monte Carlo simulations is presented. Knowledge of the errors in the density allows evaluation of the reliability of fine features in MEM electron densities. As a test example, the errors in the MEM electron-density distribution of metallic beryllium are examined based on calculations using both uniform and non-uniform prior distributions. The study shows that the MEM introduces systematic bias in the density and that the bias is closely related to the fact that after a MEM optimization most of the χ2 value is carried by a few low-order reflections. An iterative procedure to estimate the bias is presented and this allows a correction of the MEM density to be performed. The systematic bias is in some regions an order of magnitude larger than the random error in the density. The bias-corrected MEM density has a more uniform residual distribution than the uncorrected density. The topological features of the electron-density distribution in metallic beryllium are discussed based on the bias-corrected MEM densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767397000792
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