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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-state pharmacokinetics of oestradiol gel in post-menopausal women: effects of application area and washing (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 104 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To investigate the effect of cutaneous application area on oestradiol absorption using an oestradiol gel for transdermal use. Furthermore, the effect of washing of the application site on oestradiol pharmacokinetics was studied.Design Open-label, randomised, three-way cross-over study.Setting A clinical pharmacokinetic research unit.Subjects Sixteen healthy postmenopausal volunteers.Interventions During three treatment periods, subjects were treated with 1 mg oestradiol (1.0 g Divigel®/Sandrena® 0.1% gel), applied on the thigh to a skin area of 200 cm2,400 cm2, or on an area ‘as large as possible’. Blood samples were drawn during steady-state (on days 14–15) immediately before application and at regular time intervals thereafter.Main outcome measures Serum oestradiol levels were measured for determination of peak concentration (Cmax), time to peak concentration (tmax) and bioavailability using the area under the time concentration curve (AUC0–24).Results Bioavailability from a 200 cm2 area was 2-fold higher than that from the largest possible area ((P〈0.05)). Oestradiol peak plasma concentration from a 200 cm2 area was higher than from the two larger areas ((P〈0.05)), which did not differ significantly from each other. Washing of the application site 30 min after application reduced the bioavailability from both the 200 cm2 and 400 cm2 application areas ((P〈0.01)), but peak plasma concentration from the 200 cm2 area only ((P〈0.01)). Time to reach peak plasma concentrations was significantly reduced with all three application areas by washing.Conclusion A higher oestradiol absorption was achieved from a smaller application area. No marked differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics between 200 cm2 and 400 cm2 application areas, which are those recommended for this oestradiol gel preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11562.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetocardiographic localization of ventricular pre-excitation in a child with a congenital heart defect (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 16 (1995), S. 33-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Cardiac modeling ; Localization ; Magnetocardiography ; Ventricular pre-excitation ; Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetocardiographic mapping was performed on a 2-year-old boy who suffered from the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in association with a complex congenital heart defect. The pre-excitation site was determined noninvasively from the measured cardiac magnetic fields. The location was in the same anatomic region as found by intraoperative epicardial mapping. This result shows that magnetocardiography can be helpful for determining an accessory pathway also in patients with grossly abnormal cardiac anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310333
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urogenital tract infection in the bitch (1980)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 4 (1980), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Kurzfassung Das Auftreten von Infektionen des Urogenitaltraktes und Pyometra scheint bei der Hündin gemeinsame Charakteristika zu haben. Gefunden wurden ähnliche Bakterienspezies, eine Assoziierung mit Veränderungen in der Niere und eine Altersdisposition. Beide Erkrankungen werden als von der Vagina aufsteigende Infektionen angesehen. Ökologische Faktoren, die das Erreger-Wirts-Verhältnis beeinflussen, Schutzmechanismen und diagnostische Methoden werden diskutiert.
    Abstract: Resume Les affections du tractus urinaire et le pyomètre de la chienne semblent être provoquées par des bactéries voisines. De plus elles sont retrouvées chez des animaux d'âge comparable et sont associées à une pathologie rénale. Ces deux types d'affection ont une origine ascendante à partir du vagin. Les facteurs écologiques déterminant les relations hôtes-microorganismes, les moyens de défense et les méthodes de diagnostic sont discutés dans cet article.
    Notes: Abstract The establishment of urinary tract infection and pyometra in the bitch seems to have some characteristics in common, such as similar bacteria, association with kidney pathology and similar age disposition. Both diseases are regarded as an ascending infection from the vagina. The ecological factors determining the host-microbe relationship, the protective mechanisms and the methods of diagnosis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278501
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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