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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 10 (1971), S. 1693-1699 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 594 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 3 (1979), S. 565-577 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les prostaglandines et la sérotonine sont des substances vaso-actives qui exercent un effet important sur le tube digestif. Toutes deux inhibent la sécrétion gastrique d'acide (bien que la sérotonine stimule la sécrétion de pepsine). Toutes deux stimulent la motilité intestinale et transforment l'activité d'absorption de la muqueuse intestinale en sécrétion d'eau et d'électrolytes. Leurs effets sur les fonctions biliaires et pancréatiques ne sont pas encore bien définis. Les prostaglandines semblent agir surtout par un effet paracrine et la sérotonine est principalement un neurotransmetteur (neurocrine). Mais il est clair que, même dans des conditions normales, ces deux substances peuvent agir comme agents humoraux. Nous avons, par exemple, montré que la sérotonine joue un rôle physiologique comme inhibiteur humoral de la sécrétion gastrique d'acide. Cependant, les effets de ces substances sont les plus nets chez les malades atteints de syndromes diarréiques d'origine humorale. La sérotonine (et des indoles de la même famille, en particulier le 5-hydroxytryptophane) semble clairement étre cause de diarrée dans le syndrome carcinoïde. Nos études récentes suggèrent que le diagnostic peut être mieux établi par la mesure des concentrations circulantes de sérotonine immunoréactive que par l'excrétion urinaire de 5-HIAA et qu'une partie de la sérotonine circulante échappe à l'inactivation hépatique. Ainsi, de volumineuses tumeurs intestinales peuvent causer un syndrome carcinoïde en l'absence de métastases hépatiques et des quantités importantes de sérotonine sont produites par des tumeurs diarrhéogènes non carcinoïdes, telles que carcinome médullaire de la thyroïde et tumeurs associées au syndrome WDHA. Bon nombre de tumeurs dont l'origine est probablement la crête neurale—carcinome médullaire de la thyroïde, tumeurs associées au syndrome WDHA, par exemple—secrètent des quantités importantes de prostaglandines, en particulier de PGE2. La réponse clinique de certains malades atteints de ces types de tumeurs aux inhibiteurs de la synthèse des prostaglandines, en particulier l'indométhacine, suggère que les prostaglandines jouent un rôle dans l'étiologie de ce syndrome diarrhéogène.
    Notes: Abstract Prostaglandins and serotonin are vasoactive compounds with profound effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Both cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion (although serotonin stimulates gastric pepsin secretion), stimulation of intestinal motility, and conversion of small intestinal mucosa from absorption to secretion of water and electrolytes. Their effects on pancreatic and biliary function are still not clear. Although prostaglandins appear to elicit their effects primarily by a paracrine mode of action, and serotonin is primarily a neurotransmitter (neurocrine), it is clear that even under normal conditions both can function as humoral agents. For example, we have shown that serotonin plays a physiologic role as a humoral inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. However, the effects of these agents become more pronounced in patients with humorally mediated diarrheogenic syndromes. Serotonin (and related indoles, particularly 5-hydroxytryptophan) has been firmly implicated as a cause of diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome; our recent studies suggest that the diagnosis can be more effectively made by measuring circulating immunoreactive serotonin concentrations than urinary excretion of 5-HIAA; that some circulating serotonin escapes hepatic inactivation and, thus, large intestinal tumors can cause carcinoid syndrome in the absence of hepatic metastases; and that large amounts of serotonin are produced by some noncarcinoid diarrheogenic tumors, including medullary carcinomas of the thyroid and tumors associated with the WDHA syndrome. A large number of tumors of probable neural crest origin, including medullary thyroid carcinoma, carcinoids, and tumors associated with the WDHA syndrome, secrete large amounts of prostaglandins, particularly PGE2. The clinical response of at least some of the patients harboring these tumors to inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (particularly indomethacin) suggests that prostaglandins play a role in the etiology of these diarrheogenic syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 5-6 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 12 (1988), S. 361-361 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 811-816 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five dogs with chronic doubly cannulated proximal jejunal Thiry-Vella loops were studied to evaluate the role of luminal and circulating serotonin on intestinal intraluminal pressure quantitated using computer-assisted planimetry. Luminal perfusion with serotonin (50 μg/min) for 60 min resulted in a significant increase in luminal pressure. Upon cessation of infusion, intraluminal pressures rapidly returned to basal. While 4% lidocaine had no effect on basal intraluminal pressure, the drug almost abolished the pressure response to luminal serotonin. In contrast, atropine lowered mean baseline intraluminal pressures and also markedly inhibited the response to subsequent perfusion with serotonin. These data suggest that the motility response to intraluminal serotonin is neurally mediated. Intravenous serotonin infusion (3.3 μg/kg/min), which raised circulating levels of the amine to those noted after a standard meal, increased intraluminal pressures to a maximum similar to those noted after luminal perfusion; after cessation of infusion, pressures rapidly returned to basal. These observations support a physiologic role for serotonin in the modulation of intestinal motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several gastrointestinal hormones have been found in the intestinal lumen, but as yet their physiologic role is not yet clear. We have previously shown in anesthesized animals that electrical vagal stimulation provokes simultaneous intraluminal release of serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP). The aim of this study was to investigate if a physiologic stimulus, a meal, releases 5-HT, SP, and gastrin (G) into the canine jejunum. In 10 dogs, chronic jejunal Thiry-Vella loops were perfused with saline (37°C) before and after: (1) a test meal; (2) atropine, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously before the meal; (3) atropine alone at the same dose; (4) propanolol, 0.5 mg/kg intravenously before the meal; and (5) propanolol alone at the same dose. Effluent perfusates and peripheral blood samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay for concentrations of 5-HT, SP, and G. Large amounts of all three humoral agents were found intraluminally during the interdigestive period. The meal resulted in increased circulating levels of 5-HT, SP, and G, while intraluminal concentrations of 5-HT and SP but not G increased following the meal. Both atropine and propanolol pretreatment significantly reduced this response, while alone, these drugs did not affect basal values. We postulate that 5-HT and SP released into the intestinal lumen in response to a meal act as local neurocrine/paracrine modulators. Their release mechanisms appear to be under both cholinergic and adrenergic control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: calcium ; jejunal lumen ; serotonin ; portal blood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of intravenous calcium bolus (180 mg in 10 ml normal saline over 25–30 sec) on the release of serotonin into the jejunal lumen and the portal and peripheral venous circulation was studied. Proximal jejunal 25-cm cannulated Thiry-Vella loops were perfused with a neutral physiological buffer in an isoperistaltic direction at 2 ml/min. One minute after the calcium bolus, serum calcium levels increased from 8.7±0.3 to 14.2±0.8 mg/dl. Jejunal luminal concentrations of 5 HT increased from 135±21 to 208±44 ng/ml at the same time; luminal levels peaked at 236±27 ng/ml at 7 min and slowly returned to baseline. In contrast, portal and systemic venous concentrations did not change after intravenous calcium bolus. The data support the contention that there are independent mechanisms for the release of serotonin into the bowel lumen and the blood stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1784-1790 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: NESIDIOBLASTOSIS ; ISLET CELL ; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR ; INSULINOMA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract George F. Laidlaw first described a pancreatic abnormality now known to be the most common cause of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in infants in 1938 (1, 2). The term he coined, nesidioblastosis, is derived from the Greek words for “islets” (nesidia) and “germ” (blastos) (3). It accurately describes the characteristic feature of nesidioblastosis, islet cells differentiating and budding from ductal epithelium. In adults, hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is rarely caused by nesidioblastosis and is usually caused by insulinoma or exogenous insulin treatment (4, 5). The first case series of adult nesidioblastosis was reported by Harness et al in 1981 (6). Since this case series of six patients, there have been only sporadic literature reports of adult nesidioblastosis, documenting fewer than 20 cases of adult nesidioblastosis over the past 15 years (3, 7-10). This paper presents an adult patient with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to nesidioblastosis and provides a guide to the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disorder in the adult population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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