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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 34 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We have studied the influence of variations in allergen concentration and UVA dosaging on the results of photopatch testing with the Scandinavian standard photopatch series in 29 patients with photocontact and/or contact allergy to 1 or several of the allergens in that series. Photocontact test reactions were more sensitive to allergen dilution than plain contact test reactions. Even dilution from the standard 5% to 2.5% or 1.25% significantly reduced para-aminobenzoic acid photocontact test reactions. Reducing the UVA dose from the standard 5 J/cm2 to 2.5 or 1 J/cm2 in 2 out of 5 cases turned a significant (++) reaction into a doubtful one (+). Increasing the standard UVA dose of 5 J/cm2 to 20 – 40 J/cm2 turned a single + photocontact reaction to trichlorcarbanilide and a single 1 + plain contact reaction to chlorhexidine into ++ reactions. In the majority of eases, however, neither photocontact nor plain contact test reactions were augmented by UVA doses up to 80 J/cm2. We conclude that a UVA dose of 5 J/cm2 is sufficient for eliciting photocontact allergic test reactions, and that a reduction of either the UVA dose level or the standard allergen concentrations of the Scandinavian photopatch test guidelines may cause loss of significant photocontact test reactions in a proportion of the cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: It has been postulated that Langerhans cells (LC) provide tolerogenic signals in the local impairment of cutaneous immune functions and antigen-specific tolerance induced by UV radiation. Studies in vitro and ex vivo have indicated that UV radiation may down-regulate the expression of costimulatory molecules on LC, leading to reduced antigen-presenting function. In contrast, we recently observed an up-regulatory stage in the number of human epidermal LC with induced expression of B7 costimulatory molecules 12–24 h after solar-simulating UV radiation (SSR) in vivo. To examine the apparent discrepancy between the observed human LC responses in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, we compared the three protocols in a parallel fashion. The intact skin as well as skin explants and epidermal cell suspensions from the same individuals were irradiated with a single erythematogenic dose of SSR. The expression of cell surface markers in the epidermal cells was analysed with flow cytometry 24 h later. The number of CD1a+/HLA-DR+ LC increased post-SSR in vivo by a factor of 2.8±0.4, whereas in irradiated skin explants ex vivo or in cell suspensions in vitro, reduced numbers were seen. HLA-DR expression intensities were found to have increased on DR+ and CD1a+/DR+ cells in vivo. Similarly, SSR induced B7-2 (CD86) expression in CD1a+ cells significantly in vivo (P=0.031) but reduced the expression ex vivo or in vitro. We conclude that the early up-regulatory stage of human LC number and membrane markers, recorded at 24 h after a single exposure to SSR, is exclusively an in vivo phenomenon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The role of cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites in the regulation of IgE production in healthy persons and in atopic dermatitis patients with elevated IgE levels was studied. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) induced IgE production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all donors, and no significant difference was found between the amounts of IgE produced by healthy persons and atopic dermatitis patients. Similarly, recombinant interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ, as well as IL-2, inhibited IL-4-induced IgE production to a similar extent in both study groups. To evaluate the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in the regulation of IgE production, we added indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway, to IL-4-treated cultures. Both indomethacin and NDGA strongly inhibited IL-4-induced IgE production. They also inhibited IL-4-induced IgG4 synthesis. No significant difference in the amount of inhibition was found between the two study groups. We were unable to restore the NDGA-induced inhibition of IgE-production by adding leukotrienes B4, C4, D4, or 5-HETE to the NDGA-treated cultures. PGE2 also failed to restore the indomethacin-mediated inhibitory effect. Consequently, NDGA- and indomethacin-mediated inhibitory effects do not appear to be mediated by any single factor studied. Collectively, our results show IFNs and IL-2 to be similar in effect in the modulation of IL-4-induced IgE synthesis in healthy and atopic persons. In addition, our results show the importance of AA metabolites in the regulation of IgE and IgG4 synthesis in normal persons as well as in atopic dermatitis patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 118 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 278 (1986), S. 441-444 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Keratinocyte ; Arachidonic acid ; UV irradiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Following labeling of human keratinocytes in culture for 48 h with 14C-arachidonic acid (800,000 cpm), 86.8±0.5% (mean±SEM) of the radioactivity was incorporated into the cells. Two hours after exposure to UVB irradiation at doses up to 392 mJ/cm2 of erythemally effective (EE) UVB irradiation, only slight changes in the distribution of arachidonic acid could be detected. However, 24 h after irradiation the release of arachidonic acid into the culture medium was significantly increased. The distribution of arachidonic acid was also changed: there was a considerable loss in the amount of radioactivity associated with phosphatidylethanolamine. With doses up to 174 mJ/cm2 (EE) of UVB, the decrease in the labeling of phospholipids was accompanied by an increased arachidonic acid content in the nonphosphorus lipids, especially in the triacylglycerols. Following a high dose of UVB (392 mJ/cm2, EE), a substantial release of label was detected, but the labeling of triacylglycerols was unaltered. The present study suggests that in human keratinocytes UVB irradiation induces the release of arachidonic acid from the cellular lipids and that the major source of the released arachidonic acid is phosphatidylethanolamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 246 (1973), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Immunglobulin E-Gehalt atopischer sowie nichtatopischer Haut wurde nach Kochsalzextraktion von Hautbiopsien mit einer Radio-Immunmethodik gemessen. Im Vergleich zu normaler, nichtatopischer Haut zeigte die nicht erkrankte Haut von Patienten mit Neurodermitis eine mehr als zweifach erhöhte Konzentration von IgE. Die erkrankte Haut dagegen enthielt fast eine dreifach erhöhte Konzentration von IgE. Eine direkte Korrelation zwischen Serum und Haut-IgE-Spiegel konnte nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notizen: Summary The immunoglobulin E content of non-atopic and atopic skin has been measured in saline extracts of skin biopsies, using the radio-immunosorbent method. Compared to normal non-atopic skin, the clinically uninvolved skin of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis contained a more than 2-fold concentration of IgE, while clinically affected skin contained an almost 3-fold concentration, on the average. No simple correlation between serum and skin IgE levels could be found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 272 (1981), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 276-283 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): Retinoic acid ; Organ culture ; Adult human skin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Adult human skin was cultured in wholeskin organ culture under chemically defined conditions. Retinoic acid was added to the culture at final concentrations of 5×10-7 and 5×10-6 M. Both concentrations elicited cell death in the upper epidermal layers and prevented the terminal differentiation of the cells to mature corneocytes. The inhibition of terminal differentiation was not permanent, as the corneocytes produced later during the culture showed no signs of inhibition. The upper vital cells in epidermis cultured with retinoic acid were very flattened and contained reduced amounts of cytoskeleton components. Fine, granular material not present in normal epidermis was oberved in both the intercellular spaces and the intracytoplasmic vesicles of retinoid-treated epidermis. The present results indicate that the response of normal human skin to retinoic-acid treatment involves the same kind of modulation of the epidermal structure previously described in embryonic avian and diseased human skin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 270 (1981), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): PUVA ; Suppressor cells ; Contact sensitivity ; Photosensitivity ; PUVA ; Suppressor-Zellen ; Kontaktüberempfindlichkeit ; Photosensibilisierung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zwei Patienten mit lang bestehender Kontaktempfindlichkeit auf Chrom wurden mit PUVA behandelt. Ein Patient, der gleichzeitig eine Photosensibilisierung aufweist, reagierte sehr günstig. Seine Haut besserte sich und die Lichttoleranz erhöhte sich. Dies war von einer Abnahme der Phototestreaktivität begleitet, die auf der PUVA-exponierten Haut (pigmentiert) graduiert werden konnte. Der Läppchentest und der Phototest auf der für PUVA geschützten Haut zeigte keine Verminderung der Hauttestreaktivität. PUVA-Behandlung verursachte eine Abnahme der Zahl der Rosettenbildenden T-Zellen und eine Intensivierung der Lymphocytenstimulation in beiden Patienten. Bei dem einen Patienten, der eine außergewöhnlich hohe PHA-induzierte Suppressor-Zellaktivität vor der Behandlung zeigte, wurden durch die Behandlung die Werte zur Norm zurückgebildet. Bei beiden Patienten wurde die PPD-induzierte Suppressor-Zellaktivität auf PWM deutlich durch PUVA-Therapie vermehrt. Andere Suppressor-Zellfunktionen waren nicht beeinträchtigt. Es wurde der Schluß gezogen, daß während der PUVA-Therapie wohl einige systemische immunologische Effekte auftreten können, der abschwächende Effekt auf die Kontaktsensibilisierung und Photosensibilisierung aber vornehmlich durch lokale Vorgänge in der Haut hervorgerufen werden.
    Notizen: Summary Two male patients with longstanding contact sensitivity to chromium were treated with PUVA. One patient, suffering from concomitant photosensitivity, reacted very favorably; his skin lesions cleared and light tolerance increased. This was paralleled by a decrease in the photopatch test reactivity and by the extinction of the patch-test reactivity on PUVA-exposed (pigmented) skin. Patch and photopatch tests on PUVA-shielded skin showed no decrease in skin test reactivity. PUVA-treatment caused a decrease in the number of rosette-forming T cells and an increase in lymphocyte stimulation in both patients. In one patient, abnormally high PHA-induced suppressor cell activities were recorded prior to treatment; after PUVA therapy the values were back to normal. In both patients, the PPD-induced suppressor cell activity of PWM response was clearly increased by PUVA-therapy. Other suppressor cell functions were not much affected. It is concluded that while PUVA-therapy may produce some systemic immunological effects, its abating effect on contact sensitivity and photosensitivity is mainly mediated through local mechanisms in the skin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 315-317 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Schlagwort(e): 8-Methoxypsoralen ; Serum levels ; Phototoxicity ; Repeated medication
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Nine adult volunteer dermatological patients were subjected to five repeated oral exposures of 0.6 mg/kg of 8-methoxypsoralen at near-fasting conditions. In the individual volunteer, the plasma 2-h drug level varied by a factor of 1.3 to 7.1, mean 3.5. The simultaneously measured skin minimal UVA sensitivity varied in the individual subjects by a factor of 1.3 to 3.8, mean 2.2. When all serum level and skin photosensitivity data of the study were tabulated, a negative correlation factor of 0.5758 was obtained, which is statistically highly significant (P〈0.001). It is concluded that both serum drug levels and degree of skin photosensitivity may fluctuate considerably in a single subject during repeated exposures to a standard oral 8-methoxsalen dose. Attempts should be made to minimize such undesirable variation by improvements of drug formulations and better consideration of the influence of dietary factors on drug absorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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