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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF NUTRIENT BASED SERVING SIZES OF FOOD (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 2 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Monte Carlo simulation and linear programming are combined to form a procedure for evaluating the serving sizes of foods needed to meet minimum nutritional standards (RDA female and male and U.S. RDA). The procedure is described and applied using over 400 common food items to simulate hundreds of thousands of meals. Once each meal is randomly chosen via Monte Carlo simulation, linear programming is used to determine the food serving size that meets nutrient standards while at the same time minimizing the deviation from currently accepted standard serving sizes. The serving sizes are to be analyzed to compare the effect of different standards, calorie levels, and meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner). The paper describes the methodology used in the simulation and presents examples of the results obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1978.tb00555.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of a wood-based syrup as a fermentation carbon source (1988)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 10 (1988), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An industrial by-product stream consisting primarily of α- and β-methyl xylosides supported microbial growth provided the treated syrup was diluted such that the osmotic pressure was within the range tolerated by the particular microorganism used. A culture screening study identified two organisms that efficiently utilized both α- and β-methyl xyloside. Xylose, α-, and β-methyl xylosides were all utilized simultaneously during batch growth ofArthrobacter sp. in a controlled-pH fermentor, although xylose was consumed faster than either xyloside. In addition,Arthrobacter sp. produced glucose isomerase when grown on the syrup.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen uptake rate on ethanol production by a xylose-fermenting yeast mutant,Candida sp. XF217 (1983)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 5 (1983), S. 339-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The fermentation of D-xylose by theCandida sp. mutant XF217 was studied at different oxygen uptake rates by controlling dissolved oxygen tension or agitation rate. The ethanol yield increases as the oxygen uptake rate decreases. The ethanol production rate is maximized at an oxygen uptake rate of 9–12 millimole/L/hour. Xylitol and cell mass production and cell morphology are also affected by oxygen level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of bioenergetics to modelling the microbial conversion of D-xylose to 2,3-butanediol (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 573-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the oxygen limiting growth of Klebsiella oxytoca, the xylose metabolism may be considered as consisting of three components: conversion to 2,3-butanediol by “fermentation,” oxidation to carbon dioxide by respiration, and assimilation to cell mass. The amount of energy required for the assimilation of cell mass is assumed to determine the extent to which the two energy producing reactions occur. The activity of each energy producing pathway is also determined by the availability of oxygen and by the energy yield of each pathway. These relationships can be quantified by equating the ATP required for growth and maintenance to the ATP produced by the energy producing reactions. The resulting equation for butanediol production appears similar to the Luedeking and Piret model where the parameters α and β are related to the maximum cell yield from ATP and the maintenance energy requirement. These parameters were estimated from 14 batch fermentations, and the resulting simulation was used to describe the effects of the oxygen transfer rate and the initial xylose concentration on the yields and rates of the 2,3-butanediol fermentation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260603
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of bacterial growth on mixed substrates: Experimental evaluation of cybernetic models (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 1044-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cybernetic models, developed earlier by the authors, have been evaluated experimentally for the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca in batch cultures using mixed substrates from glucose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, and fructose. Based entirely on information procured from batch growth on single substrates, the models accurately predict without further parameter fitting, diauxic growth on mixed substrates, automatically predicting the order in which the substrates are consumed. Even triauxic growth on a mixture of glucose, xylose, and lactose is predicted by the model based on single substrate data. Growth on glucose-fructose mixtures appears to need a slightly modified strategy for cybernetic variables.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280715
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of optically active 2,3-butanediol by Bacillus polymyxa (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 366-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacillus polymyxa produces (R, R)-2,3-butanediol from a variety of carbohydrates. Other metabolites are also produced including acetoin, acetate, lactate, and ethanol. The excretion of each metabolite was found to depend on the relative availability of oxygen to the culture. When the relative oxygen uptake rate was high, enhanced yields of acetate and acetoin were noted. At an intermediate oxygen availability, the butanediol yield was maximal. When the availability of oxygen was more restricted, higher yields of lactate and ethanol occurred. The cells appeared to regulate themselves such that energy generation is optimal subject to the constraint that the cells do not produce more reducing equivalents than can be oxidized by the electron transport system. The dependence of each product yield on the relative oxygen availability was determined, and this knowledge was used to carry out a fed-batch fermentation that attained a final butanediol concentration of over 40 g/L in 50 h.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310413
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial growth on lactose: An experimental investigation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 705-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A wild-type strain of Klebsiella oxytoca growing aerobically in batch culture has exhibited intermittent or oscillatory growth while growing on lactose at concentrations on the order of 1 g/L or less. In two-substrate experiments, preferred growth on glucose followed by growth on lactose also produced oscillatory growth behavior during the lactose growth phase at lactose concentrations of 1 g/L or less. Only oscillations in cell density have currently been observed. Alkalinization of the medium during growth on lactose indicated the presence of lactose active transport. The observed intermittent growth was reduced or removed during growth on lactose after preferred growth on galactose or in a medium containing 50 mM NaCl. Results suggested that the presence of an intracellular energy source or a sufficient ΔpH buffer may alleviate growth inhibition when transport and growth processes compete for essential energy resources during growth on lactose.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340515
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of 2,3-butanediol from D-xylose by Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724 (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 362-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is known that 2,3-butanediol is a potentially valuable chemical feedstock that can be produced from the sugars present in hemicellulose and celluose hydrolysates. Klebsiella oxytoca is able to ferment most pentoses, hexoses, and disaccharides. Butanediol appears to be a primary metabolite, excreted as a product of energy methabolism. The theoretical maximum yield of butanediol from monosaccharides is 0.50 g/g. This article describes the effects of pH, xylose concentration, and the oxygen transfer rate on the bioconversion of D-xylose to 2,3-butanediol. Product inhibition by butanediol is also examined. The most important variable affecting the kinetics of this system appears to be the oxygen transfer rate. A higher oxygen supply favors the formation of cell mass at the expense of butanediol. Decreasing the oxygen supply rate increases the butanediol yield, but decreases the overall conversion rate due to a lower cell concentration.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetic modeling of bacterial cultures at low growth rates: Mixed-substrate systems (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cybernetic model to predict the low-growth-rate behavior of bacteria in mixed-substrate environment is presented. Using only growth and maintenance parameters from single-substrate experiments, the model accurately predicts the simultaneous substrate utilization and maintenance energy effects in constant fed-batch cultures of Klebsiella oxytoca. The robustness of the model was examined more rigorously by perturbing glucose-limited fed-batch cultures with additions of arabinose, xylose, and fructose. In all cases, reasonable agreement of the model prediction with the experimental data was observed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cybernetic modeling of bacteriol cultures at low growth rates: Single-substrate systems (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 252-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cybernetic framework developed by Ramkrishna and co-workers has been expanded to include the effects of cellular maintenance energy requirements on biomass levels in slow-growing, carbon-substrate-limited cultures. A simple structured model, based on the existence of distinct key enzymes for growth and maintenance functions, is presented. Comparisons of the model with experimental data for the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca in constant fed-batch culture on glucose, fructose, arabinose, and xylose show good agreement. In addition, perturbed fed-batch culture experiments indicate that slow-growing cultures respond less rapidly to a removal of the growth limitation than do faster-growing ones. The possibility of a growth-rate dependent “critical resource” is discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340214
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