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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hexapole magnet system for thermal energy 3He atom manipulation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 3834-3841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We present design and construction details for a novel high field, small bore permanent hexapole magnet. The design is intended for focusing atomic beams of 3He at thermal energies. The magnet uses an optimized polepiece design which includes vacuum gaps to enable its use with high intensity atomic and molecular beams. The 0.3 m long, 1 mm internal radius magnet achieves a polepiece tip field of 1.1 T using NdFeB permanent magnets and Permendur 49 polepieces. The polepiece shanks are designed to saturate so that the hexapole properties are determined predominantly by the shape of the polepiece tip. The performance of the hexapole assembly is demonstrated with an 8 meV 3He beam in the beam source of the Cambridge spin echo spectrometer and the measured focused beam results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and negligible beam attenuation. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1405794
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-cost calorimeter for simulating shape memory effect heat engines (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1169-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A novel, inexpensive calorimetry system is described for the analysis of the specific heat anomalies of shape memory effect (SME) alloys cycled through the martensitic transformation. By loading the sample on heating through the martensitic to austenitic transformation and unloading on cooling through the reverse transformation, a typical SME heat engine cycle is simulated. Analysis of the specific-heat anomalies from these simulations gives a direct measure of the thermal efficiencies of the SME alloy. The requirements of externally stressing the sample as well as a changing sample shape produced heat losses which were difficult to estimate. An algorithm is described which estimates the combined heat losses by thermal base-line subtraction. Measurements of the specific heats and enthalpies of transformation for heating and cooling through the transformations are presented, from which the thermal efficiencies were calculated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139744
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shape memory effect in vacuum plasma sprayed NiTi (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 943-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00722140
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calorimetric techniques for the evaluation of thermal efficiencies of shape memory alloys (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 2587-2593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The latent heat and entropy changes of NiTi shape memory effect (SME) alloys have been evaluated by three different calorimetric techniques; adiabatic calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and a Clapeyron analysis of isothermal stress-strain data. It is found that these techniques provide consistent estimates for the enthalpy and entropy to within 20% for NiTi and noble metal SME alloys. From published thermodynamic data for SME alloys, thermal efficiencies were calculated based on an ideal SME heat engine cycle. It was found that NiTi provides the maximum thermal efficiency with the highest temperature transformation range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174530
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calorimetric measurements of transformation thermodynamics and thermal efficiencies of NiTi helices (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3314-3320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The latent heats and thermal efficiency of a NiTi helix as the driving element of a Shape Memory Effect (SME) heat engine was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter capable of simulating a heat engine cycle. The latent heat measurements were found to be highly variable. Thermal efficiencies between 2.6 and 4.5% were measured in the limit of low external stresses needed for reproducible cycling behaviour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551311
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of cooling rate on the shape memory effect thermodynamics of NiTi (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 4273-4281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The cooling rate of near-stoichiometric NiTi after annealing at 500° C is shown to have dramatic effects on the transformation thermodynamics. The slower the rate of cooling, the higher the transformation temperatures with less rhombohedral phase (R-phase) observed in room-temperature X-ray diffraction spectra. Given that this effect is due to the amount of time spent at intermediate temperatures, i.e an ageing effect, calorimetric analysis of specimens aged at 400 or 450° C revealed progressively higher transformation temperatures and latent heats with ageing. These observations are associated with the evolution of a secondary firstorder transformation to the R-phase. Analysis of stress-strain data of near-stoichiometric NiTi helices, water quenched from its secondary anneal at 500° C, indicated that a Carnot efficiency of 16% can be expected, compared with 13.5% for the same material when furnace cooled.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551919
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